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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-209-221</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2465</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Витамин D и эпигеном: основные дефиниции, механизмы и клинические эффекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vitamin D and the epigenome: basic definitions, mechanisms and clinical effects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-7280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хавкин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khavkin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gastropedclin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3043-8674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лошкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loshkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорошенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doroshenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-0407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratyeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-4626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерохина</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erokhina</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области; Сибирский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region; Siberian state medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian state medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области; Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н. П. Бочкова, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region; Federal state budgetary scientific institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>209</fpage><lpage>221</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хавкин А.И., Лошкова Е.В., Дорошенко И.В., Кондратьева Е.И., Ерохина М.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хавкин А.И., Лошкова Е.В., Дорошенко И.В., Кондратьева Е.И., Ерохина М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khavkin A.I., Loshkova E.V., Doroshenko I.V., Kondratyeva E.I., Erokhina M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2465">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2465</self-uri><abstract><p>Эпигенетические механизмы играют решающую роль в регуляции экспрессии генов. Основные механизмы включают метилирование ДНК и ковалентные модификации гистонов путем метилирования, ацетилирования, фосфорилирования или убиквитинирования. Сложное взаимодействие различных эпигенетических механизмов опосредовано ферментами, действующими в ядре клетки. Модификации в метилировании ДНК выполняются в основном ДНК-метилтрансферазами (DNMTs) и белками транслокации ten-eleven (TET), в то время как множество ферментов, таких как гистонацетилтрансферазы (HATs), гистондеацетилазы (HDACs), гистонметилтрансферазы (HMTs) и гистондеметилазы (HDMs) регулируют ковалентные модификации гистонов. При многих патологических состояниях, таких как рак, аутоиммунные, микробно-воспалительные, метаболические, аллергические заболевания и / или низкая обеспеченность витамином D эпигенетическая регуляторная система часто нарушается. Витамин D взаимодействует с эпигеномом на нескольких уровнях. Во-первых, критические гены в сигнальной системе витамина D, которые кодируют рецептор витамина D (VDR) и ферменты 25-гидроксилаза (CYP2R1), 1α-гидроксилаза (CYP27B1) и 24-гидроксилаза (CYP24A1) имеют большие CpG-островки в своих промоторных областях и, следовательно, могут быть подавлены метилированием ДНК. Во-вторых, белок VDR физически взаимодействует с белками-коактиваторами и корепрессорами, которые, в свою очередь, находятся в контакте с модификаторами хроматина, такими как HATs, HDAC, HMTS, и с ремоделлерами хроматина. В-третьих, ряд генов, кодирующих модификаторы и ремоделлеры хроматина, такие как HDM из Jumonji C (JmjC)-домена, содержащего белки и семейства лизинспецифических деметилаз (LSD), являются первичными мишенями VDR и его лигандов. Наконец, есть доказательства того, что определенные лиганды VDR обладают деметилирующими эффектами ДНК. В настоящем обзоре авторы обсуждают регуляцию системы витамина D с помощью эпигенетических модификаций и то, как витамин D способствует поддержанию эпигенома и оценивают его влияние на здоровье и заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. The underlying mechanisms include DNA methylation and covalent modification of histones by methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or ubiquitination. The complex interplay of various epigenetic mechanisms is mediated by enzymes operating in the cell nucleus. Modifications in DNA methylation are carried out primarily by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation proteins (TETs), while a variety of enzymes such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), and histone demethylases (HDMs)) regulate histone covalent modifications. In many pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune, microbial inflammatory, metabolic, allergic diseases and/or low vitamin D availability, the epigenetic regulatory system is often disrupted. Vitamin D interacts with the epigenome at several levels. First, critical genes in the vitamin D signaling system that encode for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the enzymes 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) have large CpG islands in their promoters. areas and therefore can be suppressed by DNA methylation. Second, the VDR protein physically interacts with coactivator and corepressor proteins, which in turn are in contact with chromatin modifiers such as HATs, HDACs, HMTS, and chromatin remodelers. Third, a number of genes encoding chromatin modifiers and remodelers, such as HDM from the Jumonji C (JmjC) domain containing proteins and lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) families, are primary targets for VDR and its ligands. Finally, there is evidence that certain VDR ligands have DNA demethylating effects. In this review, the authors discuss the regulation of the vitamin D system by epigenetic modifications and how vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of the epigenome and assess its impact on health and disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген VDR</kwd><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунное воспаление</kwd><kwd>микробное воспаление</kwd><kwd>метаболическое воспаление</kwd><kwd>онкологические заболевания</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>VDR gene</kwd><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>autoimmune inflammation</kwd><kwd>microbial inflammation</kwd><kwd>metabolic inflammation</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sedley L. 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