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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-201-208</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2464</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кардиоваскулярные заболевания: патофизиологическая роль кишечной микробиоты и новые мишени для терапии и профилактики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular diseases: pathophysiological role of gut microbiota and new targets for treatment and prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4973-039X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айтбаев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aitbaev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-9279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муркамилов</surname><given-names>И. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murkamilov</surname><given-names>I. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">murkamilov.i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-0433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муркамилова</surname><given-names>Ж. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murkamilova</surname><given-names>Zh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-4417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3007-8127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудайбергенова</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudaibergenova</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-2203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупова</surname><given-names>Т. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupova</surname><given-names>T. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-6653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупов</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно- исследовательский институт молекулярной биологии и медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия им. И. К. Ахунбаева; Кыргызско-Российский Славянский университет им. первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I. K. Akhunbayev; Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызско-Российский Славянский университет им. первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSAEI HE First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия им. И. К. Ахунбаева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I. K. Akhunbayev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ошский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Osh State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>201</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилов И.Т., Муркамилова Ж.А., Фомин В.В., Кудайбергенова И.О., Юсупова Т.Ф., Юсупов Ф.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилов И.Т., Муркамилова Ж.А., Фомин В.В., Кудайбергенова И.О., Юсупова Т.Ф., Юсупов Ф.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aitbaev K.A., Murkamilov I.T., Murkamilova Z.A., Fomin V.V., Kudaibergenova I.O., Yusupova T.F., Yusupov F.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2464">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2464</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на определённые успехи, достигнутые в терапии и профилактике, кардиоваскулярные заболевания (КВЗ) продолжают оставаться ведущей причиной смерти населения во всём мире. Одна из главных причин этого заключается в том, что патофизиологические механизмы развития атеросклероза - заболевания, которое лежит в основе большинства клинических форм КВЗ, остаются до конца не выясненными, а терапия, основанная на известных концепциях патогенеза, в том числе и липидной, не даёт желаемых результатов. В этой связи, поиск и идентификация новых молекулярных мишеней и терапевтических подходов представляется важной задачей современной медицинской науки. В этом направлении заслуживает интерес идентифицированный исследователями совершенно новый метаболический путь, который связывает потребление липидов, кишечную микробиоту (КМ) и развитие атеросклероза. Так, впервые показано, что КМ использует пищевой холин, а также карнитин (содержится в красном мясе) для синтеза триметиламина (ТМА), который, в свою очередь, быстро окисляется флавиномонооксидазами печени (ФMO, ФMO3) до триметиламин оксида (ТМАО), вызывающего развитие атеросклероза. Установлены также механизмы проатерогенного влияния ТМАО, которые, в совокупности, заключаются в стимулировании притока и угнетении оттока холестерина из клетки. Идентифицирован и другой путь влияния КМ на развитие или прогрессирование атеросклероза, который связывает между собой наличие бактериальной инфекции и степень развития атеросклероза. Полагают, что при этом происходит взаимодействие бактериальных липосахаридов (ЛПС) с липопротеинами низкой плотности (ЛНП), в результате которого ЛНП превращаются в атерогенные окисленные ЛНП. В статье обсуждаются возможные терапевтические стратегии профилактики и лечения коронарного атеросклероза, связанные как со снижением продукции ТМАО и удалением ТМА из кишечника, так и регуляцией микробного метаболизма (ингибиция микробных энзимов, продуцирующих ТМА), а также изменением структуры КМ в направлении увеличения в её составе пропорции микроорганизмов, полезных для человеческого организма (не способных продуцировать ТМА).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite certain success achieved in therapy and prevention, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the leading cause of death of the population worldwide. One of the main reasons for this is that the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of atherosclerosis, a disease that underlies most clinical forms of CVD, have not been fully understood yet, and therapy based on well-known concepts of pathogenesis, including lipid, does not provide the desired results. In this regard, search and identification of new molecular targets and therapeutic approaches is an important objective of modern medical science. In this direction, a completely new metabolic pathway identified by researchers, that links lipid consumption, gut microbiota (GM) and development of atherosclerosis, deserves interest. Thus, for the first time it was shown that GM uses food choline, as well as carnitine (found in red meat) for synthesis of trimethylamine (TMA), which, in turn, is rapidly oxidized by liver flavin monooxidases (FMO) to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), that causes the development of atherosclerosis. Mechanisms of proatherogenic effect of TMAO, which, taken together, involve stimulation of inflow and suppression of outflow of cholesterol from the cell, have also been established. Another pathway of GM influence on the development or progression of atherosclerosis, that links the presence of bacterial infection and the degree of atherosclerosis development, has also been identified. It is believed that in this case, bacterial liposaccharides (LPS) interact with low-density lipoproteins (LDL), as a result of which LDL turn into atherogenic oxidized LDL. The article discusses possible therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerosis associated with both decreased production of TMAO and elimination of TMA from the intestines, and regulation of microbial metabolism (inhibition of microbial enzymes that produce TMA), as well as change in the structure of GM towards increase in the proportion of microorganisms beneficial to the human body (unable to produce TMA).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечная микробиота</kwd><kwd>триметиламин оксид (ТМАО)</kwd><kwd>бактериальная транслокация</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>коронарная болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>trimethylamine oxide (TMAO)</kwd><kwd>bacterial translocation</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang L., Gao H., Gao X. et al. 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