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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-217-9-49-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2446</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структура микробного сообщества при деменции и депрессии как зеркало старения оси «микробиота кишечника - иммунная система - мозг»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Microbial community structure in dementia and depression as a mirror of ageing “intestinal microbiota - immune system - brain” axis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6462-9500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурмистрова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burmistrova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5683-0597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казо</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cazaux</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-6440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">julse@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Челябинский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chelyabinsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бурмистрова А.Л., Казо М.Е., Филиппова Ю.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бурмистрова А.Л., Казо М.Е., Филиппова Ю.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Burmistrova A.L., Cazaux M.E., Filippova Y.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2446">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2446</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. Оценить изменения структуры микробного сообщества тонкой кишки в контексте оси «микробиота кишечника - иммунная система - мозг» при здоровом старении, депрессии позднего возраста и деменции. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 74 человека старческого возраста, включенных в группы: «Здоровая старость», «Депрессия», «Деменция». Оценку 5 основных типов микроорганизмов тонкой кишки (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria) проводили методом газовой хроматографии - масс-спектрометрии микробных маркеров. Для статистической обработки данных применяли иерархический кластерный анализ с построением тепловой карты. Результаты. Для микробного сообщества тонкой кишки при нейродегенеративных нарушениях старости (группы «Деменция» и «Депрессия») было характерно изменение численности 15 из 30 изученных видов бактерий, относящихся к типам: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, по отношению к группе «Здоровая старость». При депрессии позднего возраста увеличено количество всех видов бактерий, участвующих в ферментации пищевых полисахаридов, по отношению к группе «Здоровая старость». При деменции показан низкий уровень Clostridium spp., Eubacterium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., по отношению к депрессии, на фоне повышенного, как и при депрессии, количества C. perfringens, С. difficile и факультативных анаэробов: Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., S. aureus, S. epidermidis. Заключение. Показатели систем, входящих в ось «микробиота кишечника - иммунная система - мозг», свидетельствовали о выраженной дезинтеграции оси при деменции по отношению к депрессии и здоровой старости. Полученные результаты могут использоваться в качестве биологических маркеров в дифференциальной диагностике указанных патологий (деменция/депрессия), имеющих общие факторы риска и общность клинических симптомов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To assess changes in the structure of the small intestine microbial community in the context of the “gut microbiota-immune system-brain axis” in healthy aging, depression and dementia. Materials and methods. 74 elderly people included in the groups: “Healthy ageing”, “Depression”, “Dementia” were investigated. Evaluation of 5 main types of microorganisms of the small intestine (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria) by method of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of microbial markers was carried out. For statistics, hierarchical cluster analysis with the construction of a heat map was used. Results. Reconstruction affected 15 out of 30 studied bacterial species of the phylums Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria in the “Dementia” and “Depression” groups in relation to the “Healthy ageing” group. In depression, the number of all types of bacteria involved in the fermentation of food polysaccharides increased in relation to the “Healthy ageing” group. In dementia, low levels of Clostridium spp., Eubacterium spp., Bifidobacterium spp. was shown, in relation to depression, but number of C. perfringens, С. difficile and facultative anaerobes: Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., S. aureus, S. epidermidis was increased, compared to “Healthy ageing” group. Conclusions. The indicators of the systems included in the axis “intestinal microbiota - immune system - brain” indicated a pronounced disintegration of the axis in dementia in relation to depression and healthy ageing. The results can be used as biological markers in the differential diagnosis of these pathologies (dementia/depression), which have common risk factors and clinical symptoms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота тонкой кишки</kwd><kwd>ось «микробиота кишечника - иммунная система - мозг»</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small intestine microbiota</kwd><kwd>“gut - immune - brain” axis</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">López-Otín C., Galluzzi L., Freije J. M.P., et al. Metabolic Control of Longevity. Cell. 2016; 166(4): 802-821. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">López-Otín C., Galluzzi L., Freije J. M.P., et al. Metabolic Control of Longevity. 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