<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-216-8-9-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2398</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Энтерогепатоцентризм как основа психосоматической патологии человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Enterohepatocentrism as the basis of human psychosomatic pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8736-5851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазебник</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazebnik</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">leonid.borisl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-2465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туркина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turkina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А. И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лазебник Л.Б., Туркина С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лазебник Л.Б., Туркина С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lazebnik L.B., Turkina S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2398">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2398</self-uri><abstract><p>Микробиота кишечника регулирует важнейшие процессы метаболизма и физиологии хозяина. Понимание формирования взаимосвязей между микробиомом кишечника, печенью и другими органами в физиологических условиях, а также при воздействии повреждающих микробиоту факторов, дает важные сведения о патофизиологии не только заболеваний печени, но и сложном уровне коммуникации и роли микробиома в осях кишечник-печень-мозг, кишечник-печень-почка, кишечник-печень-легкие и кишечник-печень-сердце.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The gut microbiota regulates critical processes in host metabolism and physiology. Understanding the formation of relationships between the gut microbiome, liver, and other organs under physiological conditions, as well as under the influence of microbiota-damaging factors, provides important insights into the pathophysiology of not only liver diseases, but also the complex level of communication and the role of the microbiome in the gut-liver-brain, gut-liver-kidney, gut-liver-lung, and gut-liver-heart axes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота кишечника</kwd><kwd>структура энтерогепатоцентризма</kwd><kwd>ось кишечник</kwd><kwd>печень</kwd><kwd>оси кишечник-печень-мозг</kwd><kwd>кишечник-печень-почка</kwd><kwd>кишечник-печень-легкие</kwd><kwd>кишечник-печень-сердце</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>structure of enterohepatocentrism</kwd><kwd>gut-liver axis</kwd><kwd>gut-liver-brain axis</kwd><kwd>gut-liver-kidney axis</kwd><kwd>gut-liver-lung axis</kwd><kwd>gut-liver-heart axis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayyıldız F., Akbulut G., Karaçil Ermumcu M. Ş., Acar Tek N. Emotional and intuitive eating: an emerging approach to eating behaviours related to obesity. J Nutr Sci. 2023 Feb 13;12: e19. doi: 10.1017/jns.2023.11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayyıldız F., Akbulut G., Karaçil Ermumcu M. Ş., Acar Tek N. Emotional and intuitive eating: an emerging approach to eating behaviours related to obesity. J Nutr Sci. 2023 Feb 13;12: e19. doi: 10.1017/jns.2023.11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malyutina EA, Tokareva SV. [Effects of stress and gastrointestinal disorders on the progression of hemodynamic disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases (literature review)]. Journal of New Medical Technologies. e-edition. 2023;17(1):30-39.Russian. Available from: http://www.medtsu.tula.ru/VNMT/Bulletin/E2023-1/1-5.pdf doi: 10.24412/2075-4094-2023-1-1-5. EDN XBLWRI @@ Малютина Е. А., Токарева С. В. Влияние стресса и желудочно-кишечных расстройств на прогрессирование гемодинамических нарушений у больных с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (обзор литературы). Вестник новых медицинских технологий. Электронное издание. 2023;17(1):30-39. doi: 10.24412/2075-4094-2023-1-1-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyutina EA, Tokareva SV. [Effects of stress and gastrointestinal disorders on the progression of hemodynamic disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases (literature review)]. Journal of New Medical Technologies. e-edition. 2023;17(1):30-39.Russian. Available from: http://www.medtsu.tula.ru/VNMT/Bulletin/E2023-1/1-5.pdf doi: 10.24412/2075-4094-2023-1-1-5. EDN XBLWRI @@ Малютина Е. А., Токарева С. В. Влияние стресса и желудочно-кишечных расстройств на прогрессирование гемодинамических нарушений у больных с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (обзор литературы). Вестник новых медицинских технологий. Электронное издание. 2023;17(1):30-39. doi: 10.24412/2075-4094-2023-1-1-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mechnikov I. I. Essays on human nature. M.5 Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1961, 289 р. (in Russ.)@@ Мечников И. И. Этюды о природе человека. М.5 Изд-во Академии Наук СССР, 1961, 289 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mechnikov I. I. Essays on human nature. M.5 Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1961, 289 р. (in Russ.)@@ Мечников И. И. Этюды о природе человека. М.5 Изд-во Академии Наук СССР, 1961, 289 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shenderov B. A. Diet influence on the intestinal microbiota in patients with metabolic syndrome. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2016;1(71):21. (in Russ.)@@ Шендеров Б. А. Микроэкологическая эпигенетика стресса, заболеваний, здо-ровья и долголетия. Вестник восстановительной медицины. - 2016. - Т. 1. - №. 71. - С. 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shenderov B. A. Diet influence on the intestinal microbiota in patients with metabolic syndrome. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2016;1(71):21. (in Russ.)@@ Шендеров Б. А. Микроэкологическая эпигенетика стресса, заболеваний, здо-ровья и долголетия. Вестник восстановительной медицины. - 2016. - Т. 1. - №. 71. - С. 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oleskin А.V., Shenderov B. A. Probiotics, Psychobiotics, and Metabiotics: Problems and Prospects. Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation. 2020;2(3):233-243. doi: 10.36425/rehab25811.@@ Олескин А. В., Шендеров Б. А. Пробиотики, психобиотики и метабиотики: проблемы и перспективы. Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация. 2020;2(3):233-243. doi: 10.36425/rehab25811.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oleskin А.V., Shenderov B. A. Probiotics, Psychobiotics, and Metabiotics: Problems and Prospects. Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation. 2020;2(3):233-243. doi: 10.36425/rehab25811.@@ Олескин А. В., Шендеров Б. А. Пробиотики, психобиотики и метабиотики: проблемы и перспективы. Физическая и реабилитационная медицина, медицинская реабилитация. 2020;2(3):233-243. doi: 10.36425/rehab25811.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grandclément C., Tannières M., Moréra S., Dessaux Y., Faure D. Quorum quenching: role in nature and applied developments. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2016 Jan;40(1):86-116. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuv038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grandclément C., Tannières M., Moréra S., Dessaux Y., Faure D. Quorum quenching: role in nature and applied developments. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2016 Jan;40(1):86-116. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuv038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Ciaula A., Baj J., Garruti G., Celano G. et al. Liver Steatosis, Gut-Liver Axis, Microbiome and Environmental Factors. A Never-Ending Bidirectional Cross-Talk. J Clin Med. 2020;9(8):2648. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Ciaula A., Baj J., Garruti G., Celano G. et al. Liver Steatosis, Gut-Liver Axis, Microbiome and Environmental Factors. A Never-Ending Bidirectional Cross-Talk. J Clin Med. 2020;9(8):2648. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082648.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Tommaso N., Gasbarrini A., Ponziani F. R.Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23):12836. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312836.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Tommaso N., Gasbarrini A., Ponziani F. R.Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23):12836. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312836.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vlasov A.A., Salikova S. P., Golovkin N. V., Grinevich V. B.Intestinal Microbial-tissue Complex and Chronic Heart Failure (part 1): Pathogenesis. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2021;17(3):462-469. (In Russ.) doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-06-12.@@ Власов А. А., Саликова С. П., Головкин Н. В., Гриневич В. Б. Микробно-тканевой комплекс кишечника и хроническая сердечная недостаточность (часть 1): патогенез. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2021;17(3):462-469. doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-06-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov A.A., Salikova S. P., Golovkin N. V., Grinevich V. B.Intestinal Microbial-tissue Complex and Chronic Heart Failure (part 1): Pathogenesis. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2021;17(3):462-469. (In Russ.) doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-06-12.@@ Власов А. А., Саликова С. П., Головкин Н. В., Гриневич В. Б. Микробно-тканевой комплекс кишечника и хроническая сердечная недостаточность (часть 1): патогенез. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2021;17(3):462-469. doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-06-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivashkin V.T., Ivashkin K. V. Human microbiome, applied to clinical practice. Ross z gastroenterol gepatol koloproktol. 2017; 27(6):4-13. (in Russ.) doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2017-27-6-4-13.@@ Ивашкин В. Т., Ивашкин К. В. Микробиом человека в приложении к клинической практике. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол 2017; 27(6):4-13. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2017-27-6-4-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Ivashkin K. V. Human microbiome, applied to clinical practice. Ross z gastroenterol gepatol koloproktol. 2017; 27(6):4-13. (in Russ.) doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2017-27-6-4-13.@@ Ивашкин В. Т., Ивашкин К. В. Микробиом человека в приложении к клинической практике. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол 2017; 27(6):4-13. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2017-27-6-4-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yudina Yu.V., Korsunsky A. A., Aminova A. I., Abdullaeva G. D., Prodeus A. P. Gut microbiota as a separate body system.Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology. 2019;8(4):36-43. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/dokgastro2019804-05136.@@ Юдина Ю. В., Корсунский А. А., Аминова А. И., Абдуллаева Г. Д., Продеус А. П. Микробиота кишечника как отдельная система организма. Доказательная гастроэнтерология. 2019;8(4):36-43. doi: 10.17116/dokgastro2019804-05136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yudina Yu.V., Korsunsky A. A., Aminova A. I., Abdullaeva G. D., Prodeus A. P. Gut microbiota as a separate body system.Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology. 2019;8(4):36-43. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/dokgastro2019804-05136.@@ Юдина Ю. В., Корсунский А. А., Аминова А. И., Абдуллаева Г. Д., Продеус А. П. Микробиота кишечника как отдельная система организма. Доказательная гастроэнтерология. 2019;8(4):36-43. doi: 10.17116/dokgastro2019804-05136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan Y., Pedersen O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 Jan;19(1):55-71. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan Y., Pedersen O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 Jan;19(1):55-71. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konturek P.C., Harsch I. A., Konturek K., Schink M., et al. Gut (-) Liver Axis: How Do Gut Bacteria Influence the Liver? Med. Sci. 2018;6:79. doi: 10.3390/medsci6030079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konturek P.C., Harsch I. A., Konturek K., Schink M., et al. Gut (-) Liver Axis: How Do Gut Bacteria Influence the Liver? Med. Sci. 2018;6:79. doi: 10.3390/medsci6030079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou K., Wu Z. X., Chen X. Y. et al. Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022 Apr 23;7(1):135. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou K., Wu Z. X., Chen X. Y. et al. Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022 Apr 23;7(1):135. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burger E., Araujo A., López-Yglesias A., Rajala M. W., Geng L., Levine B., Hooper L. V., Burstein E., Yarovinsky F. Loss of Paneth Cell Autophagy Causes Acute Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii-Mediated Inflammation. Cell Host Microbe. 2018;23(2):177-190.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burger E., Araujo A., López-Yglesias A., Rajala M. W., Geng L., Levine B., Hooper L. V., Burstein E., Yarovinsky F. Loss of Paneth Cell Autophagy Causes Acute Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii-Mediated Inflammation. Cell Host Microbe. 2018;23(2):177-190.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adak A., Khan M. R. An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Feb;76(3):473-493. doi: 10.1007/s00018-018-2943-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adak A., Khan M. R. An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Feb;76(3):473-493. doi: 10.1007/s00018-018-2943-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashida H., Ogawa M., Kim M., Mimuro H, Sasakawa C. Bacteria and host interactions in the gut epithelial barrier. Nat Chem Biol. 2011;8(1):36-45. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.741.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashida H., Ogawa M., Kim M., Mimuro H, Sasakawa C. Bacteria and host interactions in the gut epithelial barrier. Nat Chem Biol. 2011;8(1):36-45. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Round J.L., Mazmanian S. K. The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 May;9(5):313-23. doi: 10.1038/nri2515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Round J.L., Mazmanian S. K. The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 May;9(5):313-23. doi: 10.1038/nri2515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu L., Luo Y. Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Systems and Their Role in Intestinal Bacteria-Host Crosstalk. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12:611413. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.611413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu L., Luo Y. Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Systems and Their Role in Intestinal Bacteria-Host Crosstalk. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12:611413. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.611413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hooper L.V., Gordon J. I.Commensal host-bacterial relationships in the gut. Science. 2001;292(5519):1115-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1058709.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hooper L.V., Gordon J. I.Commensal host-bacterial relationships in the gut. Science. 2001;292(5519):1115-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1058709.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tkachenko E. I., Lazebnik L. B. Connective tissue and microbiota. The facets of interaction in norm and pathology. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022;207(11): 17-25. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-207-11-17-25.@@ Ткаченко Е. И., Лазебник Л. Б. Соединительная ткань и микробиота. Грани взаимодействия в норме и патологии. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022;207(11): 17-25. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-207-11-17-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachenko E. I., Lazebnik L. B. Connective tissue and microbiota. The facets of interaction in norm and pathology. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022;207(11): 17-25. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-207-11-17-25.@@ Ткаченко Е. И., Лазебник Л. Б. Соединительная ткань и микробиота. Грани взаимодействия в норме и патологии. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022;207(11): 17-25. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-207-11-17-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shreiner A.B., Kao J. Y., Young V. B. The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan;31(1):69-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shreiner A.B., Kao J. Y., Young V. B. The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan;31(1):69-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sicard J.F., Le Bihan G., Vogeleer P., Jacques M., Harel J.Interactions of Intestinal Bacteria with Components of the Intestinal Mucus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Sep 5;7:387. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00387.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sicard J.F., Le Bihan G., Vogeleer P., Jacques M., Harel J.Interactions of Intestinal Bacteria with Components of the Intestinal Mucus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Sep 5;7:387. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00387.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vancamelbeke M., Vermeire S. The intestinal barrier: a fundamental role in health and disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;11(9):821-834. doi: 10.1080/ 17474124.2017.1343143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vancamelbeke M., Vermeire S. The intestinal barrier: a fundamental role in health and disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;11(9):821-834. doi: 10.1080/ 17474124.2017.1343143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paradis T., Bègue H., Basmaciyan L., Dalle F., Bon F. Tight Junctions as a Key for Pathogens Invasion in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2506. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paradis T., Bègue H., Basmaciyan L., Dalle F., Bon F. Tight Junctions as a Key for Pathogens Invasion in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2506. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohtani N., Kawada N. Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Liver Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Cancer: A Special Focus on the Gut Microbiota Relationship. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Mar 1;3(4):456-470. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohtani N., Kawada N. Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Liver Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Cancer: A Special Focus on the Gut Microbiota Relationship. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Mar 1;3(4):456-470. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albillos A., de Gottardi A., Rescigno M. The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy. J Hepatol. 2020 Mar;72(3):558-577. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albillos A., de Gottardi A., Rescigno M. The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy. J Hepatol. 2020 Mar;72(3):558-577. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horowitz A., Chanez-Paredes S.D., Haest X., Turner J. R. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jul;20(7):417-432. doi: 10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horowitz A., Chanez-Paredes S.D., Haest X., Turner J. R. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jul;20(7):417-432. doi: 10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simanenkov V.I., Maev I. V., Tkacheva O. N., Alekseenko S. A., et al. Syndrome of increased epithelial permeability in clinical practice. Multidisciplinary national Consensus. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2021;20(1):2758. (in Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2758.@@ Симаненков В. И., Маев И. В., Ткачева О. Н., Алексеенко С. А., и др. Синдром повышенной эпителиальной проницаемости в клинической практике. Мультидисциплинарный национальный консенсус. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2021; 20 (1):2758. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2758.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simanenkov V.I., Maev I. V., Tkacheva O. N., Alekseenko S. A., et al. Syndrome of increased epithelial permeability in clinical practice. Multidisciplinary national Consensus. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2021;20(1):2758. (in Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2758.@@ Симаненков В. И., Маев И. В., Ткачева О. Н., Алексеенко С. А., и др. Синдром повышенной эпителиальной проницаемости в клинической практике. Мультидисциплинарный национальный консенсус. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2021; 20 (1):2758. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2758.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonald B.D., Jabri B., Bendelac A. Diverse developmental pathways of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(8):514-525. doi: 10.1038/s41577-018-0013-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonald B.D., Jabri B., Bendelac A. Diverse developmental pathways of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(8):514-525. doi: 10.1038/s41577-018-0013-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owaga E., Hsieh R. H., Mugendi B., Masuku S., Shih C. K., Chang J. S. Th17 Cells as Potential Probiotic Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(9):20841-58. doi: 10.3390/ijms160920841.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Owaga E., Hsieh R. H., Mugendi B., Masuku S., Shih C. K., Chang J. S. Th17 Cells as Potential Probiotic Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(9):20841-58. doi: 10.3390/ijms160920841.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spadoni I., Zagato E., Bertocchi A., Paolinelli R. et al. A gut-vascular barrier controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria. Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):830-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spadoni I., Zagato E., Bertocchi A., Paolinelli R. et al. A gut-vascular barrier controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria. Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):830-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bushyhead D., Quigley E. M.M. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth-Pathophysiology and Its Implications for Definition and Management. Gastroenterology. 2022 Sep;163(3):593-607. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bushyhead D., Quigley E. M.M. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth-Pathophysiology and Its Implications for Definition and Management. Gastroenterology. 2022 Sep;163(3):593-607. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collins S.L., Stine J. G., Bisanz J. E., Okafor C. D., Patterson A. D. Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Apr;21(4):236-247. doi: 10.1038/s41579-022-00805-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collins S.L., Stine J. G., Bisanz J. E., Okafor C. D., Patterson A. D. Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Apr;21(4):236-247. doi: 10.1038/s41579-022-00805-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gong Z., Zhou J., Zhao S., Tian C., Wang P., Xu C., Chen Y., Cai W., Wu J. Chenodeoxycholic acid activates NLRP3 inflammasome and contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis. Oncotarget. 2016;7(51):83951-83963. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13796.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gong Z., Zhou J., Zhao S., Tian C., Wang P., Xu C., Chen Y., Cai W., Wu J. Chenodeoxycholic acid activates NLRP3 inflammasome and contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis. Oncotarget. 2016;7(51):83951-83963. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13796.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu C., Fuchs C. D., Halilbasic E., Trauner M. Bile acids in regulation of inflammation and immunity: friend or foe? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016 Jul-Aug;34(4 Suppl 98):25-31. Epub 2016 Jul 29. PMID: 27586800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu C., Fuchs C. D., Halilbasic E., Trauner M. Bile acids in regulation of inflammation and immunity: friend or foe? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016 Jul-Aug;34(4 Suppl 98):25-31. Epub 2016 Jul 29. PMID: 27586800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dossa A.Y., Escobar O., Golden J., Frey M. R., Ford H. R., Gayer C. P. Bile acids regulate intestinal cell proliferation by modulating EGFR and FXR signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016 Jan 15;310(2): G81-92. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00065.2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dossa A.Y., Escobar O., Golden J., Frey M. R., Ford H. R., Gayer C. P. Bile acids regulate intestinal cell proliferation by modulating EGFR and FXR signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016 Jan 15;310(2): G81-92. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00065.2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yokota A., Fukiya S., Islam K. B., Ooka T., Ogura Y., Hayashi T., Hagio M., Ishizuka S. Is bile acid a determinant of the gut microbiota on a high-fat diet? Gut Microbes. 2012 Sep-Oct;3(5):455-9. doi: 10.4161/gmic.21216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yokota A., Fukiya S., Islam K. B., Ooka T., Ogura Y., Hayashi T., Hagio M., Ishizuka S. Is bile acid a determinant of the gut microbiota on a high-fat diet? Gut Microbes. 2012 Sep-Oct;3(5):455-9. doi: 10.4161/gmic.21216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Fabiani E., Mitro N., Gilardi F., Galmozzi A., Caruso D., Crestani M. When food meets man: the contribution of epigenetics to health. Nutrients. 2010;2(5):551-71. doi: 10.3390/nu2050551.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Fabiani E., Mitro N., Gilardi F., Galmozzi A., Caruso D., Crestani M. When food meets man: the contribution of epigenetics to health. Nutrients. 2010;2(5):551-71. doi: 10.3390/nu2050551.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang D.Q., Portincasa P., Tso P. Transintestinal cholesterol excretion: A secondary, nonbiliary pathway contributing to reverse cholesterol transport. Hepatology. 2017 Oct;66(4):1337-1340. doi: 10.1002/hep.29341.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang D.Q., Portincasa P., Tso P. Transintestinal cholesterol excretion: A secondary, nonbiliary pathway contributing to reverse cholesterol transport. Hepatology. 2017 Oct;66(4):1337-1340. doi: 10.1002/hep.29341.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Wu S., Tian Y. Cholecystectomy as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome: from epidemiologic clues to biochemical mechanisms. Lab Invest. 2018;98(1):7-14. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Wu S., Tian Y. Cholecystectomy as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome: from epidemiologic clues to biochemical mechanisms. Lab Invest. 2018;98(1):7-14. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">You S, Cui AM, Hashmi SF, Zhang X, et al. Dysregulation of bile acids increases the risk for preterm birth in pregnant women. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2111. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15923-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">You S, Cui AM, Hashmi SF, Zhang X, et al. Dysregulation of bile acids increases the risk for preterm birth in pregnant women. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2111. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15923-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai J., Rimal B., Jiang C., Chiang J. Y.L., Patterson A. D. Bile acid metabolism and signaling, the microbiota, and metabolic disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Sep;237:108238. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai J., Rimal B., Jiang C., Chiang J. Y.L., Patterson A. D. Bile acid metabolism and signaling, the microbiota, and metabolic disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Sep;237:108238. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perino A., Schoonjans K. Metabolic Messengers: bile acids. Nat Metab. 2022 Apr;4(4):416-423. doi: 10.1038/s42255-022-00559-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perino A., Schoonjans K. Metabolic Messengers: bile acids. Nat Metab. 2022 Apr;4(4):416-423. doi: 10.1038/s42255-022-00559-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szabo G. Gut-liver axis in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2015 Jan;148(1):30-6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro. 2014.10.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szabo G. Gut-liver axis in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2015 Jan;148(1):30-6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro. 2014.10.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fasano A. Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: the biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Physiol Rev. 2011 Jan;91(1):151-75. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fasano A. Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: the biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Physiol Rev. 2011 Jan;91(1):151-75. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamm D.R., McCommis K. S. Hepatic stellate cells in physiology and pathology. J Physiol. 2022 Apr;600(8): 1825-1837. doi: 10.1113/JP281061.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamm D.R., McCommis K. S. Hepatic stellate cells in physiology and pathology. J Physiol. 2022 Apr;600(8): 1825-1837. doi: 10.1113/JP281061.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brenner D.A., Kisseleva T., Scholten D., Paik Y. H. et al. Origin of myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2012 Jun 6;5(Suppl 1): S17. doi: 10.1186/ 1755-1536-5-S1-S17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenner D.A., Kisseleva T., Scholten D., Paik Y. H. et al. Origin of myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2012 Jun 6;5(Suppl 1): S17. doi: 10.1186/ 1755-1536-5-S1-S17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakatani K., Kaneda K., Seki S., Nakajima Y. Pit cells as liver-associated natural killer cells: morphology and function. Med Electron Microsc. 2004;37(1):29-36. doi: 10.1007/s00795-003-0229-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakatani K., Kaneda K., Seki S., Nakajima Y. Pit cells as liver-associated natural killer cells: morphology and function. Med Electron Microsc. 2004;37(1):29-36. doi: 10.1007/s00795-003-0229-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng H., Wisse E., Tian Z. Liver natural killer cells: subsets and roles in liver immunity. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016 May;13(3):328-36. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2015.96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng H., Wisse E., Tian Z. Liver natural killer cells: subsets and roles in liver immunity. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016 May;13(3):328-36. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2015.96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-Chantar M.L., Delgado T. C., Beraza N. Revisiting the Role of Natural Killer Cells in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 18;12:640869. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640869.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-Chantar M.L., Delgado T. C., Beraza N. Revisiting the Role of Natural Killer Cells in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 18;12:640869. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640869.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salzberger W., Martrus G., Bachmann K. et al. Tissue-resident NK cells differ in their expression profile of the nutrient transporters Glut1, CD98 and CD71. PLoS One. 2018 Jul 20;13(7): e0201170. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salzberger W., Martrus G., Bachmann K. et al. Tissue-resident NK cells differ in their expression profile of the nutrient transporters Glut1, CD98 and CD71. PLoS One. 2018 Jul 20;13(7): e0201170. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keating S.E., Zaiatz-Bittencourt V., Loftus R. M., Keane C., Brennan K., Finlay D. K., Gardiner C. M. Metabolic Reprogramming Supports IFN-γ Production by CD56bright NK Cells. J Immunol. 2016 Mar 15;196(6): 2552-60. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501783.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keating S.E., Zaiatz-Bittencourt V., Loftus R. M., Keane C., Brennan K., Finlay D. K., Gardiner C. M. Metabolic Reprogramming Supports IFN-γ Production by CD56bright NK Cells. J Immunol. 2016 Mar 15;196(6): 2552-60. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501783.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaneveld J.R., McMinds R., Vega Thurber R. Stress and stability: applying the Anna Karenina principle to animal microbiomes. Nat Microbiol. 2017 Aug 24;2:17121. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaneveld J.R., McMinds R., Vega Thurber R. Stress and stability: applying the Anna Karenina principle to animal microbiomes. Nat Microbiol. 2017 Aug 24;2:17121. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobayashi T., Iwaki M., Nakajima A., Nogami A., Yoneda M. Current Research on the Pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and the Gut-Liver Axis: Gut Microbiota, Dysbiosis, and Leaky-Gut Syndrome.Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 2;23(19):11689. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911689.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobayashi T., Iwaki M., Nakajima A., Nogami A., Yoneda M. Current Research on the Pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and the Gut-Liver Axis: Gut Microbiota, Dysbiosis, and Leaky-Gut Syndrome.Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 2;23(19):11689. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911689.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malaguarnera G., Giordano M., Nunnari G., Bertino G., Malaguarnera M. Gut microbiota in alcoholic liver disease: pathogenetic role and therapeutic perspectives. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov 28;20(44):16639-48. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16639.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malaguarnera G., Giordano M., Nunnari G., Bertino G., Malaguarnera M. Gut microbiota in alcoholic liver disease: pathogenetic role and therapeutic perspectives. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov 28;20(44):16639-48. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16639.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tytgat H.L.P., Nobrega F. L., van der Oost J., de Vos W. M. Bowel Biofilms: Tipping Points between a Healthy and Compromised Gut? Trends Microbiol. 2019 Jan;27(1):17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.08.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tytgat H.L.P., Nobrega F. L., van der Oost J., de Vos W. M. Bowel Biofilms: Tipping Points between a Healthy and Compromised Gut? Trends Microbiol. 2019 Jan;27(1):17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.08.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng Z., Luo X. M., Liu J., Wang H. Quorum Sensing, Biofilm, and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier: Involvement the Role of Probiotic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Sep 25;10:538077. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.538077.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng Z., Luo X. M., Liu J., Wang H. Quorum Sensing, Biofilm, and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier: Involvement the Role of Probiotic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Sep 25;10:538077. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.538077.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chelakkot C., Ghim J., Ryu S. H. Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications. Exp Mol Med. 2018 Aug 16;50(8):1-9. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0126-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chelakkot C., Ghim J., Ryu S. H. Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications. Exp Mol Med. 2018 Aug 16;50(8):1-9. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0126-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plaza-Díaz J., Solís-Urra P., Rodríguez-Rodríguez F., Olivares-Arancibia J., Navarro-Oliveros M., Abadía-Molina F., Álvarez-Mercado A. I. The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage.Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 7;21(21):8351. doi: 10.3390/ijms21218351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plaza-Díaz J., Solís-Urra P., Rodríguez-Rodríguez F., Olivares-Arancibia J., Navarro-Oliveros M., Abadía-Molina F., Álvarez-Mercado A. I. The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage.Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 7;21(21):8351. doi: 10.3390/ijms21218351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaibysheva V.O., Zharova M. E., Filimendikova K. Yu., Nikonov E. L. Diseases associated with impaired composition of the intestinal microbiota. Doctor.Ru. 2021; 20(4): 40-45. (in Russ.) doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-4-40-45.@@ Кайбышева В.О., Жарова М. Е., Филимендикова К. Ю., Никонов Е. Л. Заболевания, ассоциированные с нарушением состава микробиоты кишечника. Доктор.Ру. 2021; 20(4): 40-45. doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-4-40-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaibysheva V.O., Zharova M. E., Filimendikova K. Yu., Nikonov E. L. Diseases associated with impaired composition of the intestinal microbiota. Doctor.Ru. 2021; 20(4): 40-45. (in Russ.) doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-4-40-45.@@ Кайбышева В.О., Жарова М. Е., Филимендикова К. Ю., Никонов Е. Л. Заболевания, ассоциированные с нарушением состава микробиоты кишечника. Доктор.Ру. 2021; 20(4): 40-45. doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-4-40-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milosevic I., Vujovic A., Barac A., Djelic M., Korac M., Radovanovic Spurnic A., Gmizic I., Stevanovic O., Djordjevic V., Lekic N., Russo E., Amedei A. Gut-Liver Axis, Gut Microbiota, and Its Modulation in the Management of Liver Diseases: A Review of the Literature.Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 17;20(2):395. doi: 10.3390/ijms20020395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milosevic I., Vujovic A., Barac A., Djelic M., Korac M., Radovanovic Spurnic A., Gmizic I., Stevanovic O., Djordjevic V., Lekic N., Russo E., Amedei A. Gut-Liver Axis, Gut Microbiota, and Its Modulation in the Management of Liver Diseases: A Review of the Literature.Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 17;20(2):395. doi: 10.3390/ijms20020395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan S., Yin X. M. Gut microbiome in liver pathophysiology and cholestatic liver disease. Liver Res. 2021 Sep;5(3):151-163. doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.08.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan S., Yin X. M. Gut microbiome in liver pathophysiology and cholestatic liver disease. Liver Res. 2021 Sep;5(3):151-163. doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.08.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miele L., Marrone G., Lauritano C., Cefalo C., Gasbarrini A., Day C., Grieco A. Gut-liver axis and microbiota in NAFLD: insight pathophysiology for novel therapeutic target. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(29):5314-24. PMID: 23432669.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miele L., Marrone G., Lauritano C., Cefalo C., Gasbarrini A., Day C., Grieco A. Gut-liver axis and microbiota in NAFLD: insight pathophysiology for novel therapeutic target. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(29):5314-24. PMID: 23432669.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu J., Marsh S., Hu J., Feng W., Wu C. The Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Interplay between Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Genetic Background. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016;2016:2862173. doi: 10.1155/2016/2862173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu J., Marsh S., Hu J., Feng W., Wu C. The Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Interplay between Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Genetic Background. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016;2016:2862173. doi: 10.1155/2016/2862173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quigley E. M. Leaky gut - concept or clinical entity? Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar;32(2):74-9. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quigley E. M. Leaky gut - concept or clinical entity? Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar;32(2):74-9. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wieland A., Frank D. N., Harnke B., Bambha K. Systematic review: microbial dysbiosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Nov;42(9):1051-63. doi: 10.1111/apt.13376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wieland A., Frank D. N., Harnke B., Bambha K. Systematic review: microbial dysbiosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Nov;42(9):1051-63. doi: 10.1111/apt.13376.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams L.A., Anstee Q. M., Tilg H., Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut. 2017 Jun;66(6):1138-1153. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313884.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams L.A., Anstee Q. M., Tilg H., Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut. 2017 Jun;66(6):1138-1153. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313884.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li W., Liu J., Cai J., Zhang X. J., Zhang P., She Z. G., Chen S., Li H. NAFLD as a continuous driver in the whole spectrum of vascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2022 Feb;163:118-132. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li W., Liu J., Cai J., Zhang X. J., Zhang P., She Z. G., Chen S., Li H. NAFLD as a continuous driver in the whole spectrum of vascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2022 Feb;163:118-132. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gehrke N., Schattenberg Jörn M. Metabolic Inflammation - A Role for Hepatic Inflammatory Pathways as Drivers of Comorbidities in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Gastroenterology. 2020;158:1929-1947.e6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gehrke N., Schattenberg Jörn M. Metabolic Inflammation - A Role for Hepatic Inflammatory Pathways as Drivers of Comorbidities in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Gastroenterology. 2020;158:1929-1947.e6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shenderov B.A., Golubev V. L., Danilov A. B., Prishchepa A. V. Gut human microbiota and neurodegenerative diseases. Poliklinika. 2016;(1-1):7-13. (In Russ.)@@ Шендеров Б. А., Голубев В. Л., Данилов А. Б., Прищепа А. В. Кишечная микробиота человека и нейродегенеративные заболевания. Поликлиника 2016; 1-1: 7-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shenderov B.A., Golubev V. L., Danilov A. B., Prishchepa A. V. Gut human microbiota and neurodegenerative diseases. Poliklinika. 2016;(1-1):7-13. (In Russ.)@@ Шендеров Б. А., Голубев В. Л., Данилов А. Б., Прищепа А. В. Кишечная микробиота человека и нейродегенеративные заболевания. Поликлиника 2016; 1-1: 7-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kozhevnikov A.A., Raskina K. V., Martynova E. Yu. et al. The involvement of gut microbiota in the processes of metabolism, aging and perspectives of using available data in real clinical practice. RMJ. MEDICAL REVIEW. 2017, No. 2, pp. 98-105. (in Russ.)@@ Кожевников А. А., Раскина К. В., Мартынова Е. Ю. и др. Участие кишечной микробиоты в процессах метаболизма, старения и перспективы применения имеющихся данных в реальной клинической практике. РМЖ. МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ. 2017. № 2. С. 98-105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozhevnikov A.A., Raskina K. V., Martynova E. Yu. et al. The involvement of gut microbiota in the processes of metabolism, aging and perspectives of using available data in real clinical practice. RMJ. MEDICAL REVIEW. 2017, No. 2, pp. 98-105. (in Russ.)@@ Кожевников А. А., Раскина К. В., Мартынова Е. Ю. и др. Участие кишечной микробиоты в процессах метаболизма, старения и перспективы применения имеющихся данных в реальной клинической практике. РМЖ. МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ. 2017. № 2. С. 98-105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharitonova L. A., Grigoriev K. I., Borzakova S. N. Human microbiote: how a new scientific paradigm changes medical practice. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;161(1): 55-63. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-161-1-55-63.@@ Харитонова Л. А., Григорьев К. И., Борзакова С. Н. Микробиота человека: как новая научная парадигма меняет медицинскую практику. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2019;161(1): 55-63. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-161-1-55-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharitonova L. A., Grigoriev K. I., Borzakova S. N. Human microbiote: how a new scientific paradigm changes medical practice. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;161(1): 55-63. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-161-1-55-63.@@ Харитонова Л. А., Григорьев К. И., Борзакова С. Н. Микробиота человека: как новая научная парадигма меняет медицинскую практику. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2019;161(1): 55-63. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-161-1-55-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibragimova L.I., Kolpakova E. A., Dzagakhova A. V., Egshatyan L. V., Pokrovskaya E. V., Derevyanko O. S., Nikonova T. V. The role of the gut microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus. 2021;24(1):62-69. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/DM10326.@@ Ибрагимова Л. И., Колпакова Е. А., Дзагахова А. В., Егшатян Л. В., Покровская Е. В., Деревянко О. С., Никонова Т. В. Роль микробиоты кишечника в развитии сахарного диабета 1 типа. Сахарный диабет. 2021;24(1):62-69. doi: 10.14341/DM10326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibragimova L.I., Kolpakova E. A., Dzagakhova A. V., Egshatyan L. V., Pokrovskaya E. V., Derevyanko O. S., Nikonova T. V. The role of the gut microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus. 2021;24(1):62-69. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/DM10326.@@ Ибрагимова Л. И., Колпакова Е. А., Дзагахова А. В., Егшатян Л. В., Покровская Е. В., Деревянко О. С., Никонова Т. В. Роль микробиоты кишечника в развитии сахарного диабета 1 типа. Сахарный диабет. 2021;24(1):62-69. doi: 10.14341/DM10326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiatrak B., Balon K., Jawień P., Bednarz D. et al. The Role of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease.Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(9):4862. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094862.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiatrak B., Balon K., Jawień P., Bednarz D. et al. The Role of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease.Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(9):4862. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094862.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mulak A. Bile Acids as Key Modulators of the Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;84(2):461-477. doi: 10.3233/JAD-210608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mulak A. Bile Acids as Key Modulators of the Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;84(2):461-477. doi: 10.3233/JAD-210608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young R.P., Hopkins R. J., Marsland B. The Gut-Liver-Lung Axis. Modulation of the Innate Immune Response and Its Possible Role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;54(2):161-9. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0250PS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young R.P., Hopkins R. J., Marsland B. The Gut-Liver-Lung Axis. Modulation of the Innate Immune Response and Its Possible Role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;54(2):161-9. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0250PS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giordano L., Mihaila S. M., Eslami Amirabadi H., Masereeuw R. Microphysiological Systems to Recapitulate the Gut-Kidney Axis. Trends Biotechnol. 2021;39(8):811-823. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.12.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giordano L., Mihaila S. M., Eslami Amirabadi H., Masereeuw R. Microphysiological Systems to Recapitulate the Gut-Kidney Axis. Trends Biotechnol. 2021;39(8):811-823. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.12.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raj D., Tomar B., Lahiri A., Mulay S. R. The gut-liver-kidney axis: Novel regulator of fatty liver associated chronic kidney disease. Pharmacol Res. 2020; 152:104617. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104617.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raj D., Tomar B., Lahiri A., Mulay S. R. The gut-liver-kidney axis: Novel regulator of fatty liver associated chronic kidney disease. Pharmacol Res. 2020; 152:104617. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104617.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evenepoel P., Poesen R., Meijers B. The gut-kidney axis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017;32(11):2005-2014. doi: 10.1007/s00467-016-3527-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evenepoel P., Poesen R., Meijers B. The gut-kidney axis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017;32(11):2005-2014. doi: 10.1007/s00467-016-3527-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rukavina Mikusic N. L., Kouyoumdzian N. M., Choi M. R. Gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease: evidences and mechanisms that mediate a new communication in the gastrointestinal-renal axis. Pflugers Arch. 2020 Mar;472(3):303-320. doi: 10.1007/s00424-020-02352-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukavina Mikusic N. L., Kouyoumdzian N. M., Choi M. R. Gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease: evidences and mechanisms that mediate a new communication in the gastrointestinal-renal axis. Pflugers Arch. 2020 Mar;472(3):303-320. doi: 10.1007/s00424-020-02352-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahmoodpoor F., Rahbar Saadat Y., Barzegari A., Ardalan M., Zununi Vahed S. The impact of gut microbiota on kidney function and pathogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 93:412-419. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.066.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahmoodpoor F., Rahbar Saadat Y., Barzegari A., Ardalan M., Zununi Vahed S. The impact of gut microbiota on kidney function and pathogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017; 93:412-419. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.066.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roager H.M., Licht T. R. Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease. Nat Commun. 2018 Aug 17;9(1):3294. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05470-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roager H.M., Licht T. R. Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease. Nat Commun. 2018 Aug 17;9(1):3294. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05470-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ismaiel A., Dumitraşcu D. L. Cardiovascular Risk in Fatty Liver Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis-Literature Review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2019 Sep 13;6:202. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ismaiel A., Dumitraşcu D. L. Cardiovascular Risk in Fatty Liver Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis-Literature Review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2019 Sep 13;6:202. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin J., Kakkar V., Lu X. Essential Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(5): 431-54. doi: 10.2174/0929867323666151207111408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin J., Kakkar V., Lu X. Essential Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(5): 431-54. doi: 10.2174/0929867323666151207111408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang W.H., Wang Z., Levison B. S., Koeth R. A. et al.Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(17):1575-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1109400.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang W.H., Wang Z., Levison B. S., Koeth R. A. et al.Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(17):1575-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1109400.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang W.H., Wang Z., Kennedy D. J., Wu Y., Buffa J. A., Agatisa-Boyle B., Li X. S., Levison B. S., Hazen S. L. Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway contributes to both development of renal insufficiency and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease. Circ Res. 2015 Jan 30;116(3):448-55. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang W.H., Wang Z., Kennedy D. J., Wu Y., Buffa J. A., Agatisa-Boyle B., Li X. S., Levison B. S., Hazen S. L. Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway contributes to both development of renal insufficiency and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease. Circ Res. 2015 Jan 30;116(3):448-55. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma G., Pan B., Chen Y., Guo C., Zhao M., Zheng L., Chen B. Trimethylamine N-oxide in atherogenesis: impairing endothelial self-repair capacity and enhancing monocyte adhesion. Biosci Rep. 2017 Mar 2;37(2): BSR20160244. doi: 10.1042/BSR20160244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma G., Pan B., Chen Y., Guo C., Zhao M., Zheng L., Chen B. Trimethylamine N-oxide in atherogenesis: impairing endothelial self-repair capacity and enhancing monocyte adhesion. Biosci Rep. 2017 Mar 2;37(2): BSR20160244. doi: 10.1042/BSR20160244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang S., Li X., Yang F., Zhao R., Pan X., Liang J., Tian L., Li X., Liu L., Xing Y., Wu M. Gut Microbiota-Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 19;10:1360. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang S., Li X., Yang F., Zhao R., Pan X., Liang J., Tian L., Li X., Liu L., Xing Y., Wu M. Gut Microbiota-Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 19;10:1360. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu W., Wang Z., Tang W. H.W., Hazen S. L. Gut Microbe-Generated Trimethylamine N-Oxide From Dietary Choline Is Prothrombotic in Subjects. Circulation. 2017 Apr 25;135(17):1671-1673. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu W., Wang Z., Tang W. H.W., Hazen S. L. Gut Microbe-Generated Trimethylamine N-Oxide From Dietary Choline Is Prothrombotic in Subjects. Circulation. 2017 Apr 25;135(17):1671-1673. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konev Y. V., Lazebnik L. B. Metabolism of endotoxin in the body and its role in the process of involution. Clinical gerontology. 2009;15(1):39-46. (in Russ.)@@ Конев Ю. В., Лазебник Л. Б. Метаболизм эндотоксина в организме и его роль в процессе инволюции. Клиническая геронтология. - 2009. - Т. 15. - №. 1. - С. 39-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konev Y. V., Lazebnik L. B. Metabolism of endotoxin in the body and its role in the process of involution. Clinical gerontology. 2009;15(1):39-46. (in Russ.)@@ Конев Ю. В., Лазебник Л. Б. Метаболизм эндотоксина в организме и его роль в процессе инволюции. Клиническая геронтология. - 2009. - Т. 15. - №. 1. - С. 39-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konev Y. V., Lazebnik L. B. Role of endotoxin of intes- tinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therapy. 2015;(2):19-27. (in Russ.)@@ Конев Ю. В., Лазебник Л. Б. Роль эндотоксина кишечной микробиоты в патогенезе атеросклероза. Терапия. - 2015. - №. 2. - С. 19-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konev Y. V., Lazebnik L. B. Role of endotoxin of intes- tinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therapy. 2015;(2):19-27. (in Russ.)@@ Конев Ю. В., Лазебник Л. Б. Роль эндотоксина кишечной микробиоты в патогенезе атеросклероза. Терапия. - 2015. - №. 2. - С. 19-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jia X., Qi Y., Zheng R. et al. Discordance of Apolipoprotein B, Non-HDL-Cholesterol, and LDL-Cholesterol Predicts Risk of Increased Arterial Stiffness and Elevated Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 May 18;9:906396. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.906396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jia X., Qi Y., Zheng R. et al. Discordance of Apolipoprotein B, Non-HDL-Cholesterol, and LDL-Cholesterol Predicts Risk of Increased Arterial Stiffness and Elevated Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 May 18;9:906396. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.906396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kjeldsen E.W., Thomassen J. Q., Frikke-Schmidt R. HDL cholesterol concentrations and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - Insights from randomized clinical trials and human genetics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2022 Jan;1867(1):159063. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kjeldsen E.W., Thomassen J. Q., Frikke-Schmidt R. HDL cholesterol concentrations and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - Insights from randomized clinical trials and human genetics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2022 Jan;1867(1):159063. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
