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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-210-2-4-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2256</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инфекция Clostridioides difficile: диагностика, лечение и профилактика Клинические рекомендации Российского научного медицинского общества терапевтов, Научного общества гастроэнтерологов России, Общества гастроэнтерологов и гепатологов «Северо-Запад»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clostridioides difficile infection: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention Clinical guidelines of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia, and the North- West Society of Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Михайловна Драпкина, д. м. н., профессор, академик РАН, директор, главный внештатный специалист Минздрава России по терапии и общей врачебной профилактике</p><p>101990</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana M. Drapkina, Corresponding Member RAS, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director</p><p>101990</p><p>10/3 Petroverigsky Per.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8736-5851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазебник</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazebnik</surname><given-names>L. 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Med., Associate Professor</p><p>Chair of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacolog</p><p>191015</p><p>41 Kirochnaya St.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-4942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филь</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fil'</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Сергеевна Филь, к. м. н., заведующий отделением</p><p>отделение гастроэнтерологии</p><p>191015</p><p>ул. Кирочная, 41</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana S. 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Osipenko, MD, Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine</p><p>630091</p><p>52 Krasny Pr.</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-2725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдулганиева</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdulganieva</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Диана Ильдаровна Абдулганиева,  д. м. н., профессор, проректор, заведующий кафедрой, главный внештатный специалист-терапевт Республики Татарстан</p><p>лечебный факультет</p><p>кафедра госпитальной терапии</p><p>420012</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p><p>Республика Татарстан</p><p>Казань</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 39161040600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana I. Abdulganieva, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department, Chief Freelance Specialist Therapist of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan</p><p>Department of Hospital Therapy</p><p>420012</p><p>49 Butlerova St.</p><p>Tatarstan</p><p>Kazan</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 39161040600</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-0689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>L. 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Veltishev</p><p>Department of Gastroenterology Researcher</p><p>Department of Pediatrics with a Course in Pediatric Surgical Diseases</p><p>125412</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-12"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный медико- стоматологический университет им. А. И. 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Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov; Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н. П. Огарёва»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно- исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н. Ф. Измерова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов» (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Чувашский государственный университет им. И. Н. Ульянова» Министерства образования Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chuvash State University named after I. N. Ulyanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-12"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии им. Ю. Е. Вельтищева ФГБАУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова МЗ РФ;  Московский областной центр детской гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии «НИКИ детства» МЗ МО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Драпкина О.М., Лазебник Л.Б., Бакулин И.Г., Журавлева М.С., Бакулина Н.В., Сказываева Е.В., Ситкин С.И., Скалинская М.И., Соловьева О.И., Еремина Е.Ю., Тихонов С.В., Филь Т.С., Пилат Т.Л., Кузнецова Ю.Г., Ханферьян Р.А., Ливзан М.А., Осипенко М.Ф., Абдулганиева Д.И., Тарасова Л.В., Хавкин А.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О.М., Лазебник Л.Б., Бакулин И.Г., Журавлева М.С., Бакулина Н.В., Сказываева Е.В., Ситкин С.И., Скалинская М.И., Соловьева О.И., Еремина Е.Ю., Тихонов С.В., Филь Т.С., Пилат Т.Л., Кузнецова Ю.Г., Ханферьян Р.А., Ливзан М.А., Осипенко М.Ф., Абдулганиева Д.И., Тарасова Л.В., Хавкин А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drapkina O.M., Lazebnik L.B., Bakulin I.G., Zhuravleva M.S., Bakulina N.V., Skazyvaeva E.V., Sitkin S.I., Skalinskaya M.I., Solovyeva O.I., Eremina E.Y., Tikhonov S.V., Fil' T.S., Pilat T.L., Kuznetsova Y.G., Khanferyan R.A., Livzan M.A., Osipenko M.F., Abdulganieva D.I., Tarasova L.V., Khavkin A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2256">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2256</self-uri><abstract><p>   Инфекция Clostridioides difficile является наиболее частой причиной антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи и важной причиной  внутрибольничной инфекции. С момента издания Национальных рекомендаций (2016 г., 2017 г.) накоплены новые данные о генетической структуре и патогенных свойствах наиболее частого возбудителя тяжелых форм антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи, что привело к реклассификации возбудителя, ранее известного как Clostridium difficile, в Clostridioides difficile. Разработаны лабораторные алгоритмы диагностики, позволяющие с высокой степенью достоверности устанавливать инфицированность бактерией и определять токсигенность её штаммов. Опубликованы новые данные об эффективности антибактериальных препаратов, введены в клиническую практику моноклональные антитела к токсину B (безлотоксумаб) для профилактики рецидивов клостридиальной инфекции и предложены схемы трансплантации фекальной микробиоты. За последние 5 лет также были обновлены и многие международные рекомендации по ведению взрослых пациентов с инфекцией Clostridioides difficile (США, ЕС). Вместе с тем в последнее десятилетие, в том числе на фоне пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, наблюдается рост заболеваемости клостридиальной инфекцией. Учитывая актуальность проблемы, новые данные о возбудителе, а также отечественные особенности, Российским научным медицинским обществом терапевтов, Научным обществом гастроэнтерологов России и Обществом гастроэнтерологов и гепатологов «Северо-Запад» разработаны настоящие рекомендации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and an important cause of nosocomial infection. Since the publication of the National Guidelines (2016, 2017), new data have been accumulated on the genetic structure and pathogenic properties of the most common causative agent of severe forms of antibiotic- associated diarrhea, which has led to the reclassifi cation of the pathogen, formerly known as Clostridium diffi cile, to Clostridioides difficile. Laboratory algorithms have been developed to diagnose CDI and determine the toxigenicity of strains reliably. New data on the effectiveness of antibacterials  have been published, monoclonal antibodies to toxin B (bezlotoxumab) have been introduced into clinical practice to prevent CDI recurrence, and fecal microbiota transplantation has been proposed. Over the past 5 years, many international guidelines on the management of adult patients with CDI have also been updated (USA, EU). In the last decade, including due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in CDI incidence. Considering therelevance of CDI, new data on the pathogen, and domestic features, the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia, and the North-West Society of Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists developed these clinical guidelines.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекция Clostridioides difficile</kwd><kwd>токсины А и В</kwd><kwd>бинарный токсин</kwd><kwd>антибиотикоассоциированная диарея</kwd><kwd>ванкомицин</kwd><kwd>фидаксомицин</kwd><kwd>метронидазол</kwd><kwd>рифаксимин</kwd><kwd>безлотоксумаб</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>трансплантация фекальной микробиоты</kwd><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Clostridioides difficile infection</kwd><kwd>CDI</kwd><kwd>toxins A and B</kwd><kwd>binary toxin</kwd><kwd>antibiotic-associated diarrhea</kwd><kwd>vancomycin</kwd><kwd>fidaxomycin</kwd><kwd>metronidazole</kwd><kwd>rifaximin</kwd><kwd>bezlotoxumab</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>fecal microbiota transplantation</kwd><kwd>inflammatory bowel disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawson P. 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