References

nogr

Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology

1682-8658

«Global Media Technologies»

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-206-10-163-168

nogr-2173

Research Article

COVID-19

Новый «вызов» для печени в 21 веке

A new challenge for the liver in the 21st century

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-8481

Ахмедов

В. А.

Akhmedov

V. A.

v_akhmedov@mail.ru

Федеральное государственное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOmsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2022

18012023

010163168

2023

Ахмедов В.А.

Akhmedov V.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2173

Накапливающиеся в последнее время сведения позволяют предположить, что при наличии у пациентов существующего диффузного заболевания печени значительно повышается риск развития серьезных осложнений как для самой печени, так и для течения COVID-19. В представленной статье представлены сведения о влиянии пандемии COVID-19 на социальные аспекты жизни человека, изменения распорядка дня, что оказывает особенно неблагоприятное течение на неалкогольную жировую болезнь печени. В свою очередь была обнаружена взаимосвязь между прогрессирующим фиброзом печени у больных НАЖБП и тяжелым течением COVID-19. Отмечено, что у пациентов с алкогольной болезнью печени частота развития которой повышается при самоизоляции, описаны случаи развития тяжелой двухсторонней пневмонии и острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома с неблагоприятными исходами, включая сердечно-легочную и полиорганную недостаточность. Представлены сведения, что пациенты с циррозом печени, особенно с декомпенсированной формой, являются наиболее уязвимой группой пациентов, так как иммунная дисфункция делает их склонными к любому виду инфекции, включая COVID-19, с потенциально серьезными последствиями. Отмечено, что риск обнаружение рака печени на более поздних стадиях увеличился примерно у 25% пациентов с биологически агрессивным типом заболевания на фоне пандемии COVID-19.

Recently accumulating evidence suggests that if patients have existing diffuse liver disease, the risk of developing serious complications both for the liver itself and for the course of COVID-19 increases significantly. The presented article provides information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social aspects of human life, changes in the daily routine, which has a particularly unfavorable course on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In turn, a relationship has been found between progressive liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients and the severe course of COVID-19. It is noted that in patients with alcoholic liver disease the incidence of which increases with self-isolation, cases of severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome with unfavorable outcomes, including cardiopulmonary and multiple organ failure, have been described. It is shown that patients with cirrhosis of the liver, especially those with decompensated form, are the most vulnerable group of patients, since immune dysfunction makes them prone to any type of infection, including COVID-19, with potentially serious consequences. It was noted that the risk of detecting liver cancer at later stages increased in about 25% of patients with a biologically aggressive type of disease against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19печеньНАЖБПтечениепрогноз

COVID-19liverNAFLDcourseprognosis

References1

Li G., He X., Zhang L. Assessing ACE2 expression patterns in lung tissues in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. J Autoimmun. 2020;112:102463. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102463.

Hamming I., Timens W., Bulthuis M. L., Lely A. T., Navis G., van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004;203(2):631-637. doi: 10.1002/path.1570.

Jothimani D., Venugopal R., Abedin M. F., Kaliamoorthy I., Rela M. COVID-19 and the liver. J Hepatol. 2020; 73(5):1231-1240. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep. 2020.06.006

Zhang C., Shi L., Wang F. S. Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 5(5):428-430. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30057-1.

Williamson E. J., Walker A. J., Bhaskaran K., et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using Open SAFELY. Nature. 2020; 584: 430-436. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4.

Boettler T., Newsome P. N., Mondelli M. U., Maticic M., Cordero E., Cornberg M., Berg T. Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper. JHEP Rep. 2020; 2: 100113. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100113.

Richardson S., Hirsch J. S., Narasimhan M. et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020; 323: 2052-2059. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6775.

Ji D., Qin E., Xu J., et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study. J Hepatol. 2020; 73: 451-453. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.044.

Portincasa P., Krawczyk M., Smyk W., Lammert F., Di Ciaula A. COVID-19 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Two intersecting pandemics. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020; 50: e13338. doi: 10.1111/eci.13338.

Targher G., Mantovani A., Byrne C. D., et al. Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores. Gut. 2020; 69: 1545-1547. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321611.

Portincasa P., Krawczyk M., Machill A., et al. Hepatic consequences of COVID- 19 infection. Lapping or biting? Eur J Intern Med. 2020; 77: 18-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.035.

Wong G. L., Wong V. W., Thompson A., et al. Asia-Pacific Working Group for Liver Derangement during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Management of patients with liver derangement during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Asia-Pacific position statement. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 5: 776-787. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30190-4.

Ferron P. J., Gicquel T., Mégarbane B., et al. Treatments in Covid-19 patients with pre-existing metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A potential threat for drug-induced liver injury? Biochimie. 2020; 179: 266-274. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.018.

Gao B., Tsukamoto H. Inflammation in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Friend or Foe? Gastroenterology. 2016; 150: 1704-1709. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.01.025.

Clemmensen C., Petersen M. B., Sørensen T. I.A. Will the COVID-19 pandemic worsen the obesity epidemic? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020; 16: 469-470. doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-0387-z.

Stanfield D., Lucey M. R. The Heightened Risk of Fatty Liver Disorders in the Time of COVID-19. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020; 95: 2580-2581. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.020.

Da B. L., Im G. Y., Schiano T. D. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hangover: A Rising Tide of Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Hepatology. 2020; 72: 1102-1108. doi: 10.1002/hep.31307.

Wiśniewska H., Skowron M., Bander D., et al. Nosocomial COVID-19 Infection and Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia in Patients Hospitalized for Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Case Report. Am J Case Rep. 2020; 21: e927452. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.927452.

Kapuria D., Upadhyay S., Shekhar R., Torrazza-Perez E. Alcoholic Liver Disease and COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Series. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2020; 8: 463-466. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2020.00053.

Moon A. M., Webb G. J., Aloman C., et al. High mortality rates for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: Preliminary results from an international registry. J Hepatol 2020; 73: 705-708. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.013.

Hunt R. H., East J. E., Lanas A., et al. COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Disease: Implications for the Gastroenterologist. Dig Dis. 2021; 39: 119-139. doi: 10.1159/000512152.

Marjot T., Moon A. M., Cook J. A. et al. Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: An international registry study. J Hepatol. 2021; 74: 567-577. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.024.

Singh S., Khan A. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Patients With Preexisting Liver Disease in the United States: A Multicenter Research Network Study. Gastroenterology. 2020; 159: 768-771. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.064.

Chan S. L., Kudo M. Impacts of COVID-19 on Liver Cancers: During and after the Pandemic. Liver Cancer. 2020; 9: 491-502. doi: 10.1159/000510765.

Ridruejo E., Soza A. The liver in times of COVID-19: What hepatologists should know. Ann Hepatol. 2020; 19: 353-358. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.05.001.

D’Antiga L. Coronaviruses and Immunosuppressed Patients: The Facts During the Third Epidemic. Liver Transpl. 2020; 26: 832-834. doi: 10.1002/lt.25756.

Colmenero J., Rodríguez-Perálvarez M., Salcedo M., et al. Epidemiological pattern, incidence, and outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant patients. J Hepatol. 2021; 74: 148-155. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.040.

Cornberg M., Buti M., Eberhardt C. S., et al. EASL position paper on the use of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with chronic liver diseases, hepatobiliary cancer and liver transplant recipients. J Hepatol. 2021; 74: 944-951. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.032.

Di Giorgio A., Nicastro E., Speziani C., et al. Health status of patients with autoimmune liver disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy. J Hepatol. 2020; 73: 702-705. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.008.

Fix O. K., Hameed B., Fontana R. J., et al. Clinical Best Practice Advice for Hepatology and Liver Transplant Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AASLD Expert Panel Consensus Statement. Hepatology. 2020; 72: 287-304. doi: 10.1002/hep.31281.

Efe C., Dhanasekaran R., Lammert C. Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: An International Multicenter Study. Hepatology. 2021; 73: 2099-2109. doi: 10.1002/hep.31797.

Rodríguez Y., Novelli L., Rojas M., et al. Autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions at the crossroad of COVID-19. J Autoimmun. 2020; 114: 102506. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102506.

Rigamonti C., Cittone M. G., De Benedittis C., et al. Rates of Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients With Autoimmune Liver Diseases in Northern Italy: A Telemedicine Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 18: 2369-2371. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.05.047.

Bartoli A., Gitto S., Sighinolfi P., Cursaro C., Andreone P. Primary biliary cholangitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Hepatol. 2021; 74: 1245-1246. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.006.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.