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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-202-6-119-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2102</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биоразнообразие окружающей среды, человеческая микробиота и связь с аллергией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota and association with allergies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-7280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хавкин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khavkin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-897X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестеренко</surname><given-names>Зоя Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterenko</surname><given-names>Z. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zvnesterenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО Научно- исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Moscow Region»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хавкин А.И., Нестеренко З.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хавкин А.И., Нестеренко З.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khavkin A.I., Nesterenko Z.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2102">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2102</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В статье представлены современные взгляды на роль микробиоты, в возникновении атопической патологии. Рассматриваются причины снижения биоразнообразия, изменения динамического равновесия между макро- микроорганизмами, нарушение колонизации экологических ниш человека, имеющих важное значение в формировании местного и системного иммунитета; основные причины возникновения дисбиоза в раннем возрасте, что предшествует формированию аллергических заболеваний (пищевой аллергии, атопического дерматита, аллергического ринита, бронхиальной астмы), значительный рост которых отмечается в последние десятилетия. Цель: провести анализ обзоров, статей, посвященных изучению роли микробиоты человека, снижения ее биоразнообразия в формировании аллергической патологии. Методы: использование аналитических обзоров, статей, размещенных в электронных базах: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, позиция Европейской академии аллерогологии и клинической иммунологии (EAACI). Заключение: проведенный анализ позволил представить современные роль микроорганизмов, населяющих экологические ниши человеческого организма, их динамического равновесия на функцию всех органов и систем, с рассмотрением причин снижения биоразнообразия и последующим развитием аллергических заболеваний; необходимости дальнейшего изучения роли не отдельных патогенов, а общих свойств микробной популяции, что поможет изменить подход к терапии заболеваний, основанный не на замене отдельных микроорганизмов, а на восстановлении целой популяции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The article presents modern views on the role of microbiota in the occurrence of atopic pathology. The reasons for the decline in biodiversity, changes in the dynamic balance between macro-microorganisms, violation of the colonization of human ecological niches, which are important in the formation of local and systemic immunity, are considered; the main causes of dysbiosis at an early age, which precedes the formation of allergic diseases (food allergy, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma), a significant increase in which has been noted in recent decades. Aim: to analyze reviews, articles devoted to the study of the role of the human microbiota, a decrease in its biodiversity in the formation of allergic pathology. Methods: the use of analytical reviews, articles posted in electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, position of the European Academy of Allerogology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Conclusion: the analysis made it possible to present the modern role of microorganisms inhabiting the ecological niches of the human body, their dynamic balance on the function of all organs and systems, with consideration of the reasons for the decrease in biodiversity and the subsequent development of allergic diseases; the need to further study the role of not individual pathogens, but the general properties of the microbial population, which will help to change the approach to disease therapy, based not on replacing individual microorganisms, but on restoring the all population.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиоценоз</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие</kwd><kwd>экосистема</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>аллергические заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiocenosis</kwd><kwd>biodiversity</kwd><kwd>ecosystem</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>allergic diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Blaser M. 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