nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-205-9-129-139nogr-2049Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWОсновы иммуноонкологии и иммунотерапии в онкологииBasics of immunooncology and immunotherapy in oncologyЛогиноваЕкатерина НиколаевнаLoginovaE. N.noemail@neicon.ruЛялюковаЕлена АлександровнаLyalyukovaE. A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-7118НадейЕлена ВитальевнаNadeyE. V.noemail@neicon.ruСеменоваЕлена ВладимировнаSemenovaE. V.sel.92@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияOmsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20220710202209129139Copyright © Логинова Е.Н., Лялюкова Е.А., Надей Е.В., Семенова Е.В., 20222022Логинова Е.Н., Лялюкова Е.А., Надей Е.В., Семенова Е.В.Loginova E.N., Lyalyukova E.A., Nadey E.V., Semenova E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2049

Цель обзора - представить анализ современных литературных данных о иммунологии опухоли, эффекторных механизмах противоопухолевого иммунитета, перспективах разработки новых иммунотерапевтических подходов к лечению рака. Иммунололгический надзор - интеллектуальная основа идеи иммунологии опухолей. Ни у кого не вызывает сомнений роль иммунологических механизмов в защите от опухолей. Однако, опухолевые клетки располагают разнообразными механизмами, позволяющими им избежать действия факторов иммунного надзора. Некоторые из этих факторов направлены на затруднение распознавания чужеродных компонентов в составе опухоли и запуска иммунных процессов. Другие механизмы препятствуют реализации эффекторных механизмов. Понимание механизмов иммунологического ускользания может предложить механизмы иммунной терапии, которые будут широко применимы для разных типов рака.

The purpose of the review is to present an analysis of current literature data on tumor immunology, effector mechanisms of antitumor immunity, and prospects for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer treatment. Immunological surveillance is the intellectual basis of the idea of tumor immunology. No one doubts the role of immunological mechanisms in protection against tumors. However, tumor cells have a variety of mechanisms that allow them to avoid the action of immune surveillance factors. Some of these factors are aimed at making it difficult to recognize foreign components in the tumor and trigger immune processes. Other mechanisms prevent the implementation of effector mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of immunological escape may suggest immune therapy mechanisms that will be widely applicable to different types of cancer.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.