nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-205-9-116-128nogr-2048Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWФакторы риска развития онкопатологииRisk factors of malignancyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-7765ДрукИнна ВикторовнаDrukI. V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-017XСеменоваЕлена ВладимировнаSemenovaE. V.sel.92@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0601-7044ЛогиноваЕкатерина НиколаевнаLoginovaE. N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8047-5521КоренноваОльга ЮрьевнаKorennovaO. Yu.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-9995СеменкинАлександр АнатольевичSemyonkinA. A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0838ЛялюковаЕлена АлександровнаLyalyukovaE. A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-7118НадейЕлена ВитальевнаNadeyE. V.noemail@neicon.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияOmsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20220710202209116128Copyright © Друк И.В., Семенова Е.В., Логинова Е.Н., Кореннова О.Ю., Семенкин А.А., Лялюкова Е.А., Надей Е.В., 20222022Друк И.В., Семенова Е.В., Логинова Е.Н., Кореннова О.Ю., Семенкин А.А., Лялюкова Е.А., Надей Е.В.Druk I.V., Semenova E.V., Loginova E.N., Korennova O.Y., Semyonkin A.A., Lyalyukova E.A., Nadey E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2048

Стратегии профилактики направлены на изменение факторов риска окружающей среды и образа жизни, которые способствуют развитию рака. Скрининг выявляет аномалии до того, как они станут клинически очевидными, что позволяет проводить вмешательство либо до развития рака, либо на ранней стадии, когда лечение чаще всего эффективно. Несмотря на достоверные данные о факторах, снижающих риск возникновения новообразований, в рутинной клинической практике эффективность канцерпревенции по-прежнему недостаточно высока. Это определяет высокую значимость темы настоящего обзора, в котором суммированы актуальные научные данные о факторах риска развития онкопатологии и способах влияния на них. Рассмотрены такие факторы риска как образ жизни, употребление алкоголя и табакокурение, физическая активность, питание и другие факторы внешней среды. Большая роль отдается инфекциям, что также рассмотрено в настоящем обзоре. Освещен прием витаминов и микроэлементов с целью профилактики рака, а также влияние некоторых препаратов, принимаемым для лечения неонкологических заболеваний, на развитие онкопатологии. Цель обзора - представить анализ современных литературных данных о способах канцеропревенции.

Prevention strategies aim to change environmental and lifestyle risk factors that contribute to the development of cancer. Screening detects abnormalities before they become clinically apparent, allowing intervention either before cancer develops or at an early stage when treatment is most likely to be effective. Despite reliable data on factors that reduce the risk of neoplasms, in routine clinical practice, the effectiveness of cancer prevention is still not high enough. This determines the high importance of the topic of this review, which summarizes the current scientific data on risk factors for the development of oncopathology and ways to influence them. Such risk factors as lifestyle, alcohol and tobacco use, physical activity, nutrition and other environmental factors are considered. A large role is given to infections, which is also considered in this review. The article highlights the intake of vitamins and microelements for the purpose of cancer prevention, as well as the influence of certain drugs taken to treat non-oncological diseases on the development of oncopathology. The purpose of the review is to present an analysis of current literature data on the methods of cancer prevention.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.