<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-203-7-204-210</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-2030</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимосвязь желчнокаменной болезни и метаболического синдрома: роль генетических факторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Relationship between cholelithiasis and metabolic syndrome: the role of genetic factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-0640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-4068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шрайнер</surname><given-names>Евгения Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shrayner</surname><given-names>Evgenia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sch704@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-7710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лифщиц</surname><given-names>Галина Израилевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lifshits</surname><given-names>Galina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-1728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кох</surname><given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokh</surname><given-names>Nataly V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-7280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хавкин</surname><given-names>Анатолий Ильич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khavkin</surname><given-names>Anatoly I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный университет; Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State University; Institute of chemical, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО «Научно- исследовательский клинический институт детства Министерства здравоохранения Московской области»; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова; Белгородский государственный исследовательский университет. Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Moscow Region»; Russian National Research Medical University named after Pirogov; Belgorod State Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>210</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новикова М.С., Шрайнер Е.В., Лифщиц Г.И., Кох Н.В., Хавкин А.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова М.С., Шрайнер Е.В., Лифщиц Г.И., Кох Н.В., Хавкин А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova M.S., Shrayner E.V., Lifshits G.I., Kokh N.V., Khavkin A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2030">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/2030</self-uri><abstract><p>Заболеваемость желчнокаменной болезнью (ЖКБ) и метаболическим синдромом (МС) ежегодно возрастает. Несмотря на широкую распространенность, до настоящего времени в МКБ-10 диагноз «метаболический синдром» отсутствует, МС кодируют на основании составляющих его заболеваний. Данные патологии являются многофакторными, патогенезы которых переплетаются и взаимно отягощают течение. Среди причин развития конкрементов в желчевыводящих путях выделяют: внешние и внутренние. Среди внутренних причин ЖКБ немалую роль играют генетические факторы. Генетические особенности пациента позволяют сформировать персонализированный подход, что увеличивает вероятность успеха медикаментозной терапии. МС является одним из главных предрасполагающих факторов к развитию ЖКБ. Также он приводит к более тяжёлому течению последней. В представленной статье рассмотрены патогенетические механизмы развития этих патологий, и особое внимание уделено генетической составляющей ЖКБ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The incidence of gallstone disease (GSD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing every year. The ICD-10 does not have the diagnosis of “metabolic syndrome” and it has been coded on the basis of the diseases despite its wide prevalence now. These are multifactorial diseases, the pathogenesis of which is intertwined and mutually aggravate their courses. There are both external and internal reasons of forming the stones in the biliary tract. Genetic factors play a significant role in the internal causes of cholelithiasis. The genetic characteristics of the patient allow to work out a personalized approach. It increases the success of drug therapy. MS is one of the main predisposing factors for the development of cholelithiasis. It also leads to more severe course of the latter. The pathogenetic mechanisms of the patologies developments are considered in the article presented with the special attention paid to the genetic component of cholelithiasis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>желчнокаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd><kwd>уридиндифосфат-глюкуронилтрансфераза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cholelithiasis</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd><kwd>uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frybova B., Drabek J., Lochmannova J., Douda L., Hlava S., Zemkova D. et al. Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis in children: risk factors for development. PLoS One 2018. 13(5): e0196475. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196475</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frybova B., Drabek J., Lochmannova J., Douda L., Hlava S., Zemkova D. et al. Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis in children: risk factors for development. PLoS One 2018. 13(5): e0196475. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196475</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikitin I. G., Volnukhin A. V. Cholelithiasis: epidemiological data, key aspects of the pathogenesis and comorbidity, relevant therapeutic targets.Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020. 4(5): 290-296. (In Russ.) doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-5-290-296. @@Никитин И. Г., Волнухин А. В. Желчнокаменная болезнь: эпидемиологические данные, ключевые аспекты патогенеза и коморбидности, актуальные терапевтические мишени. РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2020. 4(5): 290-296. doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-5-290-296</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitin I. G., Volnukhin A. V. Cholelithiasis: epidemiological data, key aspects of the pathogenesis and comorbidity, relevant therapeutic targets.Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020. 4(5): 290-296. (In Russ.) doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-5-290-296. @@Никитин И. Г., Волнухин А. В. Желчнокаменная болезнь: эпидемиологические данные, ключевые аспекты патогенеза и коморбидности, актуальные терапевтические мишени. РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2020. 4(5): 290-296. doi: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-5-290-296</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cabrera C., Pabón J., Caicedo C., Cabrera B., Villamil C., Chávez B., et al. Cholelithiasis and associated complications in pediatric patients. Cir Pediatr 2020. 33(4): 172-176</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cabrera C., Pabón J., Caicedo C., Cabrera B., Villamil C., Chávez B., et al. Cholelithiasis and associated complications in pediatric patients. Cir Pediatr 2020. 33(4): 172-176</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agrawal V., Tiwari A., Sharma D., Agrawal R. Etiology-Based Decision-Making Protocol for Pediatric Cholelithiasis. Indian Pediatr 2021. 58(8): 729-732</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agrawal V., Tiwari A., Sharma D., Agrawal R. Etiology-Based Decision-Making Protocol for Pediatric Cholelithiasis. Indian Pediatr 2021. 58(8): 729-732</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuzzolin L., Oggiano A., Clemente M., Locci C., Antonucci L., Antonucci R. Ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in children: do we know enough? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021. 35(1): 40-52. doi:10.1111/fcp.12577</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuzzolin L., Oggiano A., Clemente M., Locci C., Antonucci L., Antonucci R. Ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in children: do we know enough? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021. 35(1): 40-52. doi:10.1111/fcp.12577</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diez S., Müller H., Weiss C., Schellerer V., Besendörfer M. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in children and adolescents: Does this increasing diagnosis require a common guideline for pediatricians and pediatric surgeons? BMC Gastroenterol 2021. 21(1): 186. doi:10.1186/s12876-021-01772-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diez S., Müller H., Weiss C., Schellerer V., Besendörfer M. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in children and adolescents: Does this increasing diagnosis require a common guideline for pediatricians and pediatric surgeons? BMC Gastroenterol 2021. 21(1): 186. doi:10.1186/s12876-021-01772-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koh N. V., Voronina E. N., Efremova T. V., Soldatova G. S., Lifshic G. I. Genetic risk factors of cytolysis syndrome in the treatment of recrudescence of chronic cardiovascular diseases.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018. 23(10): 76-82. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-10-76-82. @@Кох Н. В., Воронина Е. Н., Ефремова Т. В., Солдатова Г. С., Лифшиц Г. И. Генетические факторы риска синдрома цитолиза при терапии обострений хронических сердечнососудистых заболеваний. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018. Т. 23. № 10. С. 76-82. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-10-76-82</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koh N. V., Voronina E. N., Efremova T. V., Soldatova G. S., Lifshic G. I. Genetic risk factors of cytolysis syndrome in the treatment of recrudescence of chronic cardiovascular diseases.Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018. 23(10): 76-82. (In Russ.) doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-10-76-82. @@Кох Н. В., Воронина Е. Н., Ефремова Т. В., Солдатова Г. С., Лифшиц Г. И. Генетические факторы риска синдрома цитолиза при терапии обострений хронических сердечнососудистых заболеваний. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018. Т. 23. № 10. С. 76-82. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-10-76-82</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steventon G. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. Xenobiotica 2020. 50(1): 64-76. doi:10.1080/00498254.2019.1617910</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steventon G. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. Xenobiotica 2020. 50(1): 64-76. doi:10.1080/00498254.2019.1617910</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waddell J., Rickman N., He M., Tang N., Bearer C. Choline supplementation prevents the effects of bilirubin on cerebellar-mediated behavior in choline-restricted Gunn rat pups. Pediatr Res 2021. 89(6): 1414-1419. doi:10.1038/s41390-020-01187-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waddell J., Rickman N., He M., Tang N., Bearer C. Choline supplementation prevents the effects of bilirubin on cerebellar-mediated behavior in choline-restricted Gunn rat pups. Pediatr Res 2021. 89(6): 1414-1419. doi:10.1038/s41390-020-01187-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J., Cheong H., Park B., et al.Comprehensive variant screening of the UGT gene family. Yonsei Med J 2014. 55(1): 232-239. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.1.232</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J., Cheong H., Park B., et al.Comprehensive variant screening of the UGT gene family. Yonsei Med J 2014. 55(1): 232-239. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.1.232</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidorenko D. V., Nazarov V. D., Volnikova E. G., Kondrasheva E. A., Peshkova N. G., Kovaleva I. S. et al. Dependence of blood biochemical parameters on various genotypes of the UGT1A1 gene associated with Gilbert’s syndrome. Klinicheskaja laboratornaja diagnostika (Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics). 2022. 67(2): 69-75. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-69-75. @@Сидоренко Д. В., Назаров В. Д., Волникова Е. Г., Кондрашева Е. А., Пешкова Н. Г., Ковалева И. С. и др. Зависимость биохимических показателей крови от различных генотипов гена UGT1A1, ассоциированного с синдромом Жильбера. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2022. Т. 67. № 2. С. 69-75. doi:10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-69-75</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorenko D. V., Nazarov V. D., Volnikova E. G., Kondrasheva E. A., Peshkova N. G., Kovaleva I. S. et al. Dependence of blood biochemical parameters on various genotypes of the UGT1A1 gene associated with Gilbert’s syndrome. Klinicheskaja laboratornaja diagnostika (Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics). 2022. 67(2): 69-75. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-69-75. @@Сидоренко Д. В., Назаров В. Д., Волникова Е. Г., Кондрашева Е. А., Пешкова Н. Г., Ковалева И. С. и др. Зависимость биохимических показателей крови от различных генотипов гена UGT1A1, ассоциированного с синдромом Жильбера. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2022. Т. 67. № 2. С. 69-75. doi:10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-69-75</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fiorucci S., Distrutti E. The Pharmacology of Bile Acids and Their Receptors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019. 256: 3-18. doi:10.1007/164_2019_238</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fiorucci S., Distrutti E. The Pharmacology of Bile Acids and Their Receptors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019. 256: 3-18. doi:10.1007/164_2019_238</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siddiqui A. I., Tahani A. Biliary Atresia. StatPearls [Internet] 2022. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID: 30725947</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siddiqui A. I., Tahani A. Biliary Atresia. StatPearls [Internet] 2022. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID: 30725947</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen G., Liu J., Huang Y., Wu Y., Lu X., Dong R., et al. Preventive effect of prophylactic intravenous antibiotics against cholangitis in biliary atresia: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Surg Int 2021. 37(8): 1089-1097. doi:10.1007/s00383-021-04916-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen G., Liu J., Huang Y., Wu Y., Lu X., Dong R., et al. Preventive effect of prophylactic intravenous antibiotics against cholangitis in biliary atresia: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Surg Int 2021. 37(8): 1089-1097. doi:10.1007/s00383-021-04916-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrov V., Fernández-Peralbo M., Derks R., Knyazeva E., Merzlikin N., Sazonov A., et al. Biliary Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition in Cholelithiasis. Biomed Res Int 2020. 2020:1242364. doi:10.1155/2020/1242364</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov V., Fernández-Peralbo M., Derks R., Knyazeva E., Merzlikin N., Sazonov A., et al. Biliary Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition in Cholelithiasis. Biomed Res Int 2020. 2020:1242364. doi:10.1155/2020/1242364</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laithavewat L., Grundy-Warr C., Khuntikeo N., Andrews R., Petney T., Yongvanit P., et al. Analysis of a school-based health education model to prevent opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in primary school children in northeast Thailand. Glob Health Promot 2020. 27(1): 15-23. doi:10.1177/1757975918767622</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laithavewat L., Grundy-Warr C., Khuntikeo N., Andrews R., Petney T., Yongvanit P., et al. Analysis of a school-based health education model to prevent opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in primary school children in northeast Thailand. Glob Health Promot 2020. 27(1): 15-23. doi:10.1177/1757975918767622</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen H., Wu S., Hsu S., Liou B., Chen H., Chang M. Jaundice revisited: recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of inherited cholestatic liver diseases. J Biomed Sci 2018. 25(1): 75. doi:10.1186/s12929-018-0475-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen H., Wu S., Hsu S., Liou B., Chen H., Chang M. Jaundice revisited: recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of inherited cholestatic liver diseases. J Biomed Sci 2018. 25(1): 75. doi:10.1186/s12929-018-0475-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kesrouani A., Nassif N., Nasr B., Choueiry E., Chalouhi G. Ultrasound characteristics and outcome of prenatally diagnosed fetal cholelithiasis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019. 32(12): 2095-2099. doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1424819</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kesrouani A., Nassif N., Nasr B., Choueiry E., Chalouhi G. Ultrasound characteristics and outcome of prenatally diagnosed fetal cholelithiasis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019. 32(12): 2095-2099. doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1424819</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tropeano A., Corica D., Li Pomi A. et al. The metabolic syndrome in pediatrics: do we have a reliable definition? A systematic review. Eur J Endocrinol 2021. 185(2): 265-278. doi:10.1530/EJE-21-0238</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tropeano A., Corica D., Li Pomi A. et al. The metabolic syndrome in pediatrics: do we have a reliable definition? A systematic review. Eur J Endocrinol 2021. 185(2): 265-278. doi:10.1530/EJE-21-0238</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bovolini A., Garcia J., Andrade M., Duarte J. Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Predisposing Factors.Int J Sports Med 2021. 42(3):199-214. doi:10.1055/a-1263-0898</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bovolini A., Garcia J., Andrade M., Duarte J. Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Predisposing Factors.Int J Sports Med 2021. 42(3):199-214. doi:10.1055/a-1263-0898</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallardo-Alfaro L., et al. Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study. Nutrients 2020. 12(4): 1013. doi:10.3390/nu12041013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallardo-Alfaro L., et al. Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study. Nutrients 2020. 12(4): 1013. doi:10.3390/nu12041013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bull F., Al-Ansari S., Biddle S., et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med 2020. 54(24): 1451-1462. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bull F., Al-Ansari S., Biddle S., et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med 2020. 54(24): 1451-1462. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lifshits G. I., Shrayner E. V., Kokh N. V., Voronina E. N., Khavkin A. I. Clinical signifi cance of studying the genetic polymorphism of adhesion factors in Helicobacter pylori - associated diseases. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022. 197(1): 18-23. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-197-1-18-23. @@Лифшиц Г. И., Шрайнер Е. В., Кох Н. В., Воронина Е. Н., Хавкин А. И. Клиническое значение изучения генетического полиморфизма факторов адгезии при Helicobacter pylori-ассоциированных заболеваниях. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022. Т. 1. № 197. С. 18-23. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-197-1-18-23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lifshits G. I., Shrayner E. V., Kokh N. V., Voronina E. N., Khavkin A. I. Clinical signifi cance of studying the genetic polymorphism of adhesion factors in Helicobacter pylori - associated diseases. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2022. 197(1): 18-23. (In Russ.) doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-197-1-18-23. @@Лифшиц Г. И., Шрайнер Е. В., Кох Н. В., Воронина Е. Н., Хавкин А. И. Клиническое значение изучения генетического полиморфизма факторов адгезии при Helicobacter pylori-ассоциированных заболеваниях. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022. Т. 1. № 197. С. 18-23. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-197-1-18-23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
