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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-201-5-103-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-1991</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЧЕСКАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эндоскопическая диагностика и лечение «раннего» рака анального канала</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endoscopic diagnostics and treatment of “early” anal cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-5039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухин</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhin</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сухин Дмитрий Гарриевич, к. м. н., научный сотрудник эндоскопического отделения</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry G. Sukhin, Ph. D. Staff endoscopy division</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimsongarry@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-2155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирогов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirogov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пирогов Сергей Сергеевич, д. м. н., заведующий отделом эндоскопии</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Pirogov, M.D., Ph. D. Head of endoscopy division</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5151-7718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водолеев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodoleev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Водолеев Александр Сергеевич, к. м. н., заведующий отделением эндоскопии</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr S. Vodoleev, Ph. D. Head of endoscopy department</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпова Елена Станиславовна, к. м. н., старший сотрудник эндоскопического отделения</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Karpova, Ph. D. Staff endoscopy division</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-8721</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перфильев</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perfilyev</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перфильев Илья Борисович, к. м. н., врач эндоскопического отделения</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya B. Perfilyev, Ph. D. Doctor endoscopy division</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2140-5480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веселов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veselov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Веселов Владимир Викторович, к. м. н., врач эндоскопического отделения</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Veselov, Ph. D. Doctor endoscopy division</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-6410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляева Татьяна Валерьевна, врач эндоскопического отделения</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Belyaeva, Doctor endoscopy division</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3860-9853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юцевич</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yutsevich</surname><given-names>O. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юцевич Ольга Константиновна, врач эндоскопического отделения</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga K. Yutsevich, Doctor endoscopy division</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дрошнева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Droshneva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дрошнева Инна Викторовна, кандидат медицинский наук, заведующий отделением лучевой терапии</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Droshneva, Ph. D. Head of radiology department</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варварин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varvarin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Варварин Владимир Владимирович, врач анестезиолог- реаниматолог</p><p>125284, г. Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimi V. Varvarin, doctor department of anestesiology</p><p>125284, Moscow, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd, build.3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МНИОИ им. П. А. Герцена—филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P. A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute, branch of National Medical Research Radiology Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сухин Д.Г., Пирогов С.С., Водолеев А.С., Карпова Е.С., Перфильев И.Б., Веселов В.В., Беляева Т.В., Юцевич О.К., Дрошнева И.В., Варварин В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сухин Д.Г., Пирогов С.С., Водолеев А.С., Карпова Е.С., Перфильев И.Б., Веселов В.В., Беляева Т.В., Юцевич О.К., Дрошнева И.В., Варварин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukhin D.G., Pirogov S.S., Vodoleev A.S., Karpova E.S., Perfilyev I.B., Veselov V.V., Belyaeva T.V., Yutsevich O.K., Droshneva I.V., Varvarin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1991">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1991</self-uri><abstract><p>Рак анального канала—это редкое злокачественное заболевание дистального отдела желудочно-кишечного тракта, часто связанное с вирусом папилломы человека, самой распространенной инфекцией, передаваемой половым путем, во всем мире. В настоящее время доступны методы скрининга анальной интраэпителиальной неоплазии, предшественника рака анального канала, сочетающие цитологическое исследование соскоба с окраской по Папаниколау и аноскопию высокого разрешения с биопсией подозрительных участков. Известно, что анальный канал — это область, которую обследуют врачи-проктологи, однако и при эндоскопическом исследовании возможно выявление рака анального канала, в том числе—и на ранних стадиях опухолевого процесса. При проведении эндоскопического исследования нижних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта, зачастую, наиболее частой причиной неполного осмотра толстой кишки при колоноскопии является плохая подготовка, реже—анатомические особенности толстой кишки. Врач-эндоскопист, осмотревший ободочную кишку, может пропустить изменения относящиеся к нижнеампулярному отделу прямой кишки и анальному каналу, быстро извлекая видеоэндоскоп и не используя методику осмотра данной области в ретрофлексии.В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены эпидемиология интраэпителиальной неоплазии и рака анального канала в Российской Федерации, канцерогенез рака анального канала, представлен алгоритм обследования пациентов группы риска, диагностические и лечебные эндоскопические методики, позволяющие своевременно диагностировать патологические состояния нижнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки и анального канала, также представлены современные возможности эндоскопического лечения данной патологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anal cancer is a rare malignancy of the distal gastrointestinal tract, often associated with human papillomavirus, the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Currently available screening methods for anal intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor for anal cancer, combine anal Papanicolaou cytology and high resolution anoscopy with biopsy of suspicious lesions. It is well known that the anal canal is an area examined by proctologists, however, with endoscopic examination, cancer of the anal canal can also be detected, including in the early stages of the tumor process. When conducting an endoscopic examination of the lower gastrointestinal tract, the most common cause of incomplete examination of the colon during colonoscopy is poor preparation, less often—the anatomical features of the colon. An endoscopist, who examined the colon often skip the changes related to the lower ampullar part of the rectum and the anal canal, because of quickly removing the endoscope and not using the technique of examining this area in retrofl exed mode. This review describes the epidemiology of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer and carcinogenesis in the population of the Russian Federation, presents an algorithm for examining patients at risk, diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic techniques that allow timely diagnosis of pathological conditions of the lower ampulla of the rectum and anal canal, also presents modern possibilities of endoscopic treatment of this pathology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анальная интраэпителиальная неоплазия</kwd><kwd>AIN</kwd><kwd>рак анального канала</kwd><kwd>ранний рак анального канала</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd><kwd>ВПЧ</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>анальная цитология</kwd><kwd>МСМ</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>лечение рака анального канала</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Anal intraepithelial neoplasia</kwd><kwd>AIN</kwd><kwd>anal cancer</kwd><kwd>early cancer of the anal canal</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd><kwd>HPV</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>anal cytology</kwd><kwd>MSM</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>treatment of cancer of the anal canal</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелыгин, Ю. 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