<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-201-5-78-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-1981</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЧЕСКАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый подход к лечению рака большого сосочка двенадцатиперстной кишки и внутрипечёночных желчных протоков методом фотодинамической терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New approach to the treatment of cancer of large duodenal papilla and extrahepatic bile ducts with photodynamic therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-7661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Странадко</surname><given-names>Е. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stranadko</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Странадко Евгений Филиппович, д. м. н., профессор, руководитель отделения лазерной онкологии и фотодинамической терапии</p><p>121165, Москва, ул. Студенческая, д. 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugeniy F. Stranadko, MD, Dг. Sci. (med), professor, head of department of laser oncology and photodynamic therapy</p><p>121165, Moscow, Studencheskaya str., Build. 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">seph04@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-758X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранов Алексей Викторович, д. м. н., профессор, директор</p><p>121165, Москва, ул. Студенческая, д. 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Baranov, MD, Dг. Sci. (med), professor, director</p><p>121165, Moscow, Studencheskaya str., Build. 40</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-2629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дуванский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Duvansky</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дуванский Владимир Анатольевич, д. м. н., профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе; руководитель отделения эндоскопической хирургии</p><p>121165, Москва, ул. Студенческая, д. 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Duvansky, MD, Dг. Sci. (med), professor, head of department of endoscopic surgery</p><p>121165, Moscow, Studencheskaya str., Build. 40</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-5528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобаков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobakov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лобаков Александр Иванович, д. м. н., профессор кафедры хирургии факультета усовершенствования врачей</p><p>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина д. 61/2, корпус 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandre I. Lobakov, MD, Dг. Sci. (med), professor</p><p>129110, Moscow, Schepkina str., Build. 61/2, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-3917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морохотов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morokhotov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морохотов Владимир Александрович, доцент кафедры хирургии факультета усовершенствования врачей, врач-хирург</p><p>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина д. 61/2, корпус 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Morokhotov, MD, surgeon</p><p>129110, Moscow, Schepkina str., Build. 61/2, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-1005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Riabov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рябов Михаил Владимирович, к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник отделения лазерной онкологии и фотодинамической терапии</p><p>121165, Москва, ул. Студенческая, д. 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Riabov, MD, PhD, senior researcher, department of laser oncology and photodynamic therapy</p><p>121165, Moscow, Studencheskaya str., Build. 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">riabov@narod.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НПЦ лазерной медицины им. О. К. Скобелкина» Федерального медико-биологического агентства РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М. Ф. Владимирского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute “MONIKI”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Странадко Е.Ф., Баранов А.В., Дуванский В.А., Лобаков А.И., Морохотов В.А., Рябов М.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Странадко Е.Ф., Баранов А.В., Дуванский В.А., Лобаков А.И., Морохотов В.А., Рябов М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stranadko E.P., Baranov A.V., Duvansky V.A., Lobakov A.I., Morokhotov V.A., Riabov M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1981">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1981</self-uri><abstract><p>Сообщается о применении фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) у 29 пациентов с аденокарциномой внепечёночных желчных протоков (ВЖП) и большого сосочка двенадцатиперстной кишки (БСДК) в сравнении с 50 больными хронологического контроля, которым выполнялись только паллиативные желчеотводящие операции. Цель данного исследования заключалась в оценке эффективности применения повторных курсов ФДТ у неоперабельных больных со злокачественной опухолью данных локализаций в отношении улучшения качества и продолжительности их жизни.Для лечения 29 больных применяли паллиативные желчеотводящие операции и ФДТ. Количество курсов ФДТ составило от 1 до 3 в течение года. В общей сложности 29 больным проведено 52 курса ФДТ. Оценивали переносимость метода и продолжительность жизни больных. Медиана дожития больных, которым выполнили 1 курс ФДТ в течение года, составила 12,5 мес, а среди больных, которым с интервалом 4–6 мес. выполнено 2–3 курса ФДТ в течение года, она достигала 15–60 мес., в среднем—29 мес.ФДТ в комбинации с желчеотводящими операциями является эффективным методом лечения неоперабельных больных злокачественными новообразованиями БСДК и ВЖП, не сопровождается тяжелыми осложнениями и удовлетворительно переносится пациентами. Для лечения и продления жизни больных, радикальное хирургическое лечение которых сопряжено с высоким риском развития летального исхода, ФДТ представляется оптимальным вариантом терапии. Результаты ФДТ по продолжительности жизни сравнимы с радикальными операциями. Повторное проведение ФДТ с интервалом 4–6 месяцев улучшает качество и значительно увеличивает продолжительность жизни пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study is based on the treatment of 79 patients with adenocarcinoma of large duodenal papilla and extrahepatic bile ducts. 29 patients received palliative bile drainage operations with PDT. 50 patients in the group of chronological control only palliative bile drainage operations had been performed. Patients in research group received from 1 to 3 PDT courses in a year. In total 29 patients received 52 PDT courses. Outcomes were assessed by determining the median survival.The treatment was well-tolerated by the patients. The median survival time was 18 months (11–60 months). In patients who had only one PDT session during the year median survival was 12,5 months; in patients who had two or more PDT sessions median survival was 29 months (15–60 months).Results of PDT treatment for cancer of this localization are comparable with the results of radical surgeries and overcome palliative surgeries. Decrease of tumor growth rate and longer survival period in patients after PDT are determined by vascular mechanisms produced by PDT (vascular thrombosis and impaired tumor blood supply), these factors provide long-term process stabilization. Repeated PDT courses signifi cantly improve treatment results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак большого сосочка двенадцатиперстной кишки</kwd><kwd>рак внепеченочных желчных протоков</kwd><kwd>фотодинамическая терапия</kwd><kwd>фотосенсибилизатор</kwd><kwd>повторные курсы ФДТ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cancer of large duodenal papilla</kwd><kwd>cancer of extrahepatic bile ducts</kwd><kwd>Photodynamic therapy</kwd><kwd>photosensitizer</kwd><kwd>laser</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Странадко Е. Ф., Баранов А. В., Дуванский В. А., Лобаков А. И. и др. Фотодинамическая терапия рака большого сосочка двенадцатиперстной кишки и внепеченочных желчных протоков // Biomedical Photonics/ – Т. 9, № 2. – С. 18–28. doi:10.24931/2413–9432–2020–9–2–18–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stranadko E.F., Baranov A. V., Duvansky V. A., Lobakov A. I., Morokhotov V. A., Riabov M. V. Photodynamic therapy of cancer of large duodenal papilla and extrahepatic bile ducts, Biomedical Photonics, 2020;9(2):18–28 (in Russ.). doi:10.24931/2413–9432–2020–9–2–18–28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгушин Б. И., Сергеева О. Н., Францев Д. Ю., и др. Внутрипротоковая фотодинамическая терапия при воротной холангиокарциноме у неоперабельных больных // Анналы хирургической гепатологии. – 2016. – Т. 21, № 3. – С. 106–118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgushin B.I., Sergeeva O. N., Frantsev D. Yu., et al. Intraductal photodynamic therapy for portal cholangiocarcinoma in inoperable patients, Annaly khirurgicheskoi gepatologii, 2016;21(3):106–118. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лазарев С. М., Савинов И. П., Иванов А. С., Драч Л. Л., Мурадов Г. Г. Пути повышения эффективности фотодинамической терапии при опухолях Клатскина // Лазерная медицина. – 2011. – Т. 15, № 2. – С. 66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazarev S.M., Savinov I. P., Ivanov A. S., Drach L. L., Muradov G. G. Ways to increase the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy of Klatskin tumors, Lazernaya meditsina, 2011, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 66. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечушкин М. И., Патютко Ю. И., Долгушин Б. И. и др. Современная стратегия лечения рака внепеченочных желчных протоков. В кн.: Возможности современной онкологии в диагностике и лечении злокачественных заболеваний. – Москва, 2003. – С. 96–99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechushkin M.I., Patyutko Yu.I., Dolgushin B. I., et al. [The possibilities of modern oncology in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant diseases]. Moscow, 2003. pp. 96–99. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agostinis P., Berg K., Cengel K. A., et al. Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update. CA Cancer J Clin. Jul-Aug 2011;61(4):250–81. doi:10.3322/caac.20114</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agostinis P., Berg K., Cengel K. A., et al. Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update. CA Cancer J Clin. Jul-Aug 2011;61(4):250–81. doi:10.3322/caac.20114</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Странадко Е. Ф. Механизмы действия фотодинамической терапии // Российский онкологический журнал. – 2000. – № 4. – С. 52–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stranadko E. F. Mechanisms of photodynamic therapy, Rossiiskii onkologicheskii zhurnal, 2000, no. 4, pp. 52–56. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abulafi A. M., Allardice J. T., Williams N. S., van Somern N., Swain C. P., Ainley C. Photodynamic therapy for malignant tumors of the ampulla of Vater. Gut. 1995 Jun;36(6):853–6. doi:10.1136/gut.36.6.853</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abulafi A. M., Allardice J. T., Williams N. S., van Somern N., Swain C. P., Ainley C. Photodynamic therapy for malignant tumors of the ampulla of Vater. Gut. 1995 Jun;36(6):853–6. doi:10.1136/gut.36.6.853</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizvi S., Khan S. A., Hallemeier C. L., Kelley R. K., Gores G. J. Cholangiocarcinoma – evolving concepts and therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018 Feb;15(2):95–111. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizvi S., Khan S. A., Hallemeier C. L., Kelley R. K., Gores G. J. Cholangiocarcinoma – evolving concepts and therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018 Feb;15(2):95–111. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao F., Bai Y., Ma S. R. Liu F., Li Z. S. Systematic review: photodynamic therapy for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010 Mar;17(2):125–31. doi:10.1007/s00534–009–0109–3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao F., Bai Y., Ma S. R. Liu F., Li Z. S. Systematic review: photodynamic therapy for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010 Mar;17(2):125–31. doi:10.1007/s00534–009–0109–3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Squadroni M., Tondulli L., Gatta G., Mosconi S., Beretta G., Labianca R. Cholangiocarcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017 Aug;116:11–31. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Squadroni M., Tondulli L., Gatta G., Mosconi S., Beretta G., Labianca R. Cholangiocarcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017 Aug;116:11–31. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fayter D., Corbett M., Heirs M., Fox D., Eastwood A. A systematic review of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of precancerous skin conditions, Barretts oesophagus and cancers of the biliary tract, brain, head and neck, lung, oesophagus and skin. Health Technol Assess. 2010 Jul;14(37):1–288. doi:10.3310/hta14370</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fayter D., Corbett M., Heirs M., Fox D., Eastwood A. A systematic review of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of precancerous skin conditions, Barretts oesophagus and cancers of the biliary tract, brain, head and neck, lung, oesophagus and skin. Health Technol Assess. 2010 Jul;14(37):1–288. doi:10.3310/hta14370</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gollnick S. O., Liu X., Owczarczak B., Musser D. A., Henderson B. W. Altered expression of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 as a result of the photodynamic therapy in vivo. Cancer Res. 1997 Sep 15;57(18):3904–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gollnick S. O., Liu X., Owczarczak B., Musser D. A., Henderson B. W. Altered expression of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 as a result of the photodynamic therapy in vivo. Cancer Res. 1997 Sep 15;57(18):3904–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gollnick S. O., Owczarczak B., Maier P. Photodynamic therapy and anti-tumor immunity. Lasers Surg Med. 2006 Jun;38(5):509–15. doi:10.1002/lsm.20362</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gollnick S. O., Owczarczak B., Maier P. Photodynamic therapy and anti-tumor immunity. Lasers Surg Med. 2006 Jun;38(5):509–15. doi:10.1002/lsm.20362</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korbelik M., Stott B., Sun J. Photodynamic therapygenerated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression. Br J Cancer. 2007 Nov 19;97(10):1381–7. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korbelik M., Stott B., Sun J. Photodynamic therapygenerated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression. Br J Cancer. 2007 Nov 19;97(10):1381–7. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korbelik M., Cecic I., Merchant S., Sun J. Acute phase response induction by cancer treatment with photodynamic therapy. Int J Cancer. 2008 Mar 15;122(6):1411–7. doi:10.1002/ijc.23248</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korbelik M., Cecic I., Merchant S., Sun J. Acute phase response induction by cancer treatment with photodynamic therapy. Int J Cancer. 2008 Mar 15;122(6):1411–7. doi:10.1002/ijc.23248</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Странадко Е. Ф., Мешков В. М., Василенко Ю. В., Рябов М. В., Махиня В. А., Волкова Н. Н. Фотодинамическая терапия рака Фатерова соска // Лазерная медицина. – 2002. – T. 6, № 1. – С. 9–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stranadko E. F., Meshkov V. M., Vasilenko Yu.V., Ryabov M. V., Makhinya V. A., Volkova N. N. Photodynamic therapy of major duodenal papilla cancer. Lazernaya meditsina. 2002;6(1):9–13. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Странадко Е. Ф., Василенко Ю. В., Лобаков А. И., Мешков В. М. и др. Возможности паллиативной фотодинамической терапии в эндоскопической практике // Анналы хирургии. – 2003. – № 2. – С. 20–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stranadko E. F., Vasilenko Yu.V., Lobakov A. I., et al. Possibilities of palliative photodynamic therapy in endoscopic practice. Annaly khirurgii, 2003, no. 2, pp. 20–24. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duan F, Cui L, Bai Y, Li X, Yan J, Liu X. Comparison of efficacy and complications of endoscopic and percutaneous biliary drainage in malignant obstructive jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Imaging. 2017 Oct 16;17(1):27. doi:10.1186/s40644–017–0129–1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duan F, Cui L, Bai Y, Li X, Yan J, Liu X. Comparison of efficacy and complications of endoscopic and percutaneous biliary drainage in malignant obstructive jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Imaging. 2017 Oct 16;17(1):27. doi:10.1186/s40644–017–0129–1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nesbigall T., Huttenberger D., Albert F. W. Outcome of Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma after Local Treatment with Photodynamic Therapy. IPA 8th World Congress of Photodynamic Medicine June 5–9. Сlinical and Basic Applications of Photodynamic Medicine. Vancouver. 2001. pp. 27–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesbigall T., Huttenberger D., Albert F. W. Outcome of Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma after Local Treatment with Photodynamic Therapy. IPA 8th World Congress of Photodynamic Medicine June 5–9. Сlinical and Basic Applications of Photodynamic Medicine. Vancouver. 2001. pp. 27–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shim C. S., Cheon Y. K., Cha S. W., et al. Prospective study of the effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic photodynamic therapy for advanced bile duct cancer and the role of intraductal ultrasonography in response assessment. Endoscopy. 2005 May;37(5):425–33. doi:10.1055/s-2005–861294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shim C. S., Cheon Y. K., Cha S. W., et al. Prospective study of the effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic photodynamic therapy for advanced bile duct cancer and the role of intraductal ultrasonography in response assessment. Endoscopy. 2005 May;37(5):425–33. doi:10.1055/s-2005–861294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talreja J. P., Degaetani M., Ellen K., Schmitt T., Gaidhane M., Kahaleh M. Photodynamic therapy in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: not for the uncommitted. Clin Endosc. 2013 Jul;46(4):390–4. doi:10.5946/ce.2013.46.4.390</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talreja J. P., Degaetani M., Ellen K., Schmitt T., Gaidhane M., Kahaleh M. Photodynamic therapy in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: not for the uncommitted. Clin Endosc. 2013 Jul;46(4):390–4. doi:10.5946/ce.2013.46.4.390</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
