<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-197-1-104-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-1851</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунологические факторы перинатального поражения нервной системы у детей, родившихся от матерей с нарушениями углеводного обмена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunological factors of perinatal damage to the nervous system in children born to mothers with impaired carbohydrate metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7797-6197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомаз</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomaz</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrij.bogomaz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богомаз Д.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богомаз Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogomaz D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1851">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1851</self-uri><abstract><p>Беременность, протекающая на фоне сахарного диабета часто осложняется фетоплацентарной недостаточностью, внутриутробной гипоксией, что оказывает влияние, в первую очередь, на нервную систему плода. Литературные данные, свидетельствуют о тесной взаимосвязи нарушений нервной и иммунной систем. Вопрос влияния аутоантител к инсулину и его рецепторам на течение беременности и состояние плода остается малоизученным. Аутоантитела к белкам нервной ткани (S100, ГФКП, ОБМ и ФРН) также оказывает влияние на нервной систему ребенка, что сопровождается иммунологическими изменениями (повышением активности) α1-протеиназного ингибитора. Их уровень может служить маркером повреждения ЦНС. Отклонения иммунологических показателей и неврологические нарушения могут сохраняться вплоть до 18 лет.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pregnancy occurring against the background of diabetes mellitus is often complicated by fetoplacental insufficiency, intrauterine hypoxia, which affects, first of all, the nervous system of the fetus. Literature data indicate a close relationship between disorders of the nervous and immune systems. The question of the effect of autoantibodies to insulin and its receptors on the course of pregnancy and the condition of the fetus remains poorly understood. Autoantibodies to nerve tissue proteins (S100, GFCP, OBM, and FRN) also affect the child’s nervous system, which is accompanied by immunological changes (increased activity) of the α1-proteinase inhibitor. Their level can serve as a marker of CNS damage. Deviations in immunological parameters and neurological disorders can persist up to 18 years.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>антиинсулиновые антитела</kwd><kwd>нейроантитела</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>anti-insulin antibodies</kwd><kwd>neuroethical</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burumkulova F. F., Troitskaya M. V., Petrukhin V. A., et al. Diabetic fetopathy and perinatal pathology in pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. Treatment and prevention. 2013;6(2):125-132. (In Russ).@@ Бурумкулова Ф. Ф., Троицкая М. В., Петрухин В. А., и соавт. Диабетическая фетопатия и перинатальная патология при беременности, осложненной гестационным сахарным диабетом // Лечение и профилактика. - 2013. - Т. 6, № 2. - С. 125-132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burumkulova F. F., Troitskaya M. V., Petrukhin V. A., et al. Diabetic fetopathy and perinatal pathology in pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. Treatment and prevention. 2013;6(2):125-132. (In Russ).@@ Бурумкулова Ф. Ф., Троицкая М. В., Петрухин В. А., и соавт. Диабетическая фетопатия и перинатальная патология при беременности, осложненной гестационным сахарным диабетом // Лечение и профилактика. - 2013. - Т. 6, № 2. - С. 125-132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aulamazyan E.K., Evsyukova I. I., Yarmolinskaya M. I. The role of melatonin in development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of obstetrics and women’s diseases. 2018;67(1):85-91. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17816/JOWD67185-91@@ Айламазян Э. К., Евсюкова И. И., Ярмолинская М. И. Роль мелатонина в развитии гестационного сахарного диабета: обзор // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. - 2018. - Т. 67, вып. 1. - С. 85-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aulamazyan E.K., Evsyukova I. I., Yarmolinskaya M. I. The role of melatonin in development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of obstetrics and women’s diseases. 2018;67(1):85-91. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17816/JOWD67185-91@@ Айламазян Э. К., Евсюкова И. И., Ярмолинская М. И. Роль мелатонина в развитии гестационного сахарного диабета: обзор // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. - 2018. - Т. 67, вып. 1. - С. 85-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pocobelli G., Yu O., Fuller S., et аl. One-Step Approach to Identifying Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Association With Perinatal Outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Aug 17. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002780</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pocobelli G., Yu O., Fuller S., et аl. One-Step Approach to Identifying Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Association With Perinatal Outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Aug 17. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002780</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saccone G., Khalifeh A., Al-Kouatly H.B., et аl. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: one step versus two step approach. A meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 Sep 3:1-231. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1519543</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saccone G., Khalifeh A., Al-Kouatly H.B., et аl. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: one step versus two step approach. A meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 Sep 3:1-231. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1519543</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weeks A., Liu R. H., Ferraro Z. M., et аl. Inconsistent Weight Communication Among Prenatal Healthcare Providers and Patients: A Narrative Review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2018 Aug;73(8):423-432. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000588</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weeks A., Liu R. H., Ferraro Z. M., et аl. Inconsistent Weight Communication Among Prenatal Healthcare Providers and Patients: A Narrative Review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2018 Aug;73(8):423-432. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000588</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahni P., Trivedi N., Omer A. Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: a rare cause of postprandial hypoglycemia. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep. 2016;2016:16-0064. doi:10.1530/EDM-16-0064</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahni P., Trivedi N., Omer A. Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: a rare cause of postprandial hypoglycemia. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep. 2016;2016:16-0064. doi:10.1530/EDM-16-0064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wan X., Thomas J. W., Unanue E. R. Class-switched anti-insulin antibodies originate from unconventional antigen presentation in multiple lymphoid sites. J Exp Med. 2016 May 30;213(6):967-78. doi: 10.1084/jem.20151869</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wan X., Thomas J. W., Unanue E. R. Class-switched anti-insulin antibodies originate from unconventional antigen presentation in multiple lymphoid sites. J Exp Med. 2016 May 30;213(6):967-78. doi: 10.1084/jem.20151869</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brierley G. V., Siddle K., Semple R. K. Evaluation of anti-insulin receptor antibodies as potential novel therapies for human insulin receptoropathy using cell culture models. Diabetologia. 2018 Jul;61(7):1662-1675. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4606-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brierley G. V., Siddle K., Semple R. K. Evaluation of anti-insulin receptor antibodies as potential novel therapies for human insulin receptoropathy using cell culture models. Diabetologia. 2018 Jul;61(7):1662-1675. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4606-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costello M., Baxter R. C., Scott C. D. Regulation of soluble insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor in human serum: measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(2):611-617. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.2.5488</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costello M., Baxter R. C., Scott C. D. Regulation of soluble insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor in human serum: measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(2):611-617. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.2.5488</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rowlands J., Cruzat V., Carlessi R., et аl. Insulin and IGF-1 receptor autocrine loops are not required for Exendin-4 induced changes to pancreatic β-cell bioenergetic parameters and metabolism in BRIN-BD11 cells. Peptides. 2018 Feb;100:140-149. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rowlands J., Cruzat V., Carlessi R., et аl. Insulin and IGF-1 receptor autocrine loops are not required for Exendin-4 induced changes to pancreatic β-cell bioenergetic parameters and metabolism in BRIN-BD11 cells. Peptides. 2018 Feb;100:140-149. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ates I., Arikan M. F., Erdogan K., et аl. Factors associated with increased irisin levels in the type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Regul. 2017 Jan 1;51(1):1-7. doi: 10.1515/enr-2017-0001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ates I., Arikan M. F., Erdogan K., et аl. Factors associated with increased irisin levels in the type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Regul. 2017 Jan 1;51(1):1-7. doi: 10.1515/enr-2017-0001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parkkola A., Härkönen T., Ryhänen S. J. et аl. Transglutaminase antibodies and celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes and in their family members. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018 Mar; 19(2):305-313. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12563.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parkkola A., Härkönen T., Ryhänen S. J. et аl. Transglutaminase antibodies and celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes and in their family members. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018 Mar; 19(2):305-313. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12563.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim H. N., Fesseha B., Anzaldi L., et аl. Antibody-Mediated Extreme Insulin Resistance: A Report of Three Cases. Am J Med. 2018 Jan;131(1):102-106. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.08.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim H. N., Fesseha B., Anzaldi L., et аl. Antibody-Mediated Extreme Insulin Resistance: A Report of Three Cases. Am J Med. 2018 Jan;131(1):102-106. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.08.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timokhina E. S. [Clinical and metabolic pathogenetic features of gestational disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and optimization of the diagnostic algorithm]. … candidate of medical Sciences. Tomsk, 2013-27 p. (In Russ.)@@ Тимохина Е. С. Клинико-метаболические патогенетические особенности гестационных нарушений углеводного обмена и оптимизация диагностического алгоритма: автореф. дис. …канд. мед. наук. - Томск, 2013 г. - 27 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timokhina E. S. [Clinical and metabolic pathogenetic features of gestational disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and optimization of the diagnostic algorithm]. … candidate of medical Sciences. Tomsk, 2013-27 p. (In Russ.)@@ Тимохина Е. С. Клинико-метаболические патогенетические особенности гестационных нарушений углеводного обмена и оптимизация диагностического алгоритма: автореф. дис. …канд. мед. наук. - Томск, 2013 г. - 27 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Budykina T.S. [Autoimmune aspects of pathogenesis and prevention of perinatal complications in diabetes mellitus in the mother] … doctor of medical Sciences. Moscow, 2010-25 p. (In Russ.)@@ Будыкина Т. С. Аутоиммунные аспекты патогенеза и профилактики перинатальных осложнений при сахарном диабете у матери: автореф. дис. …док. мед. наук. - Москва, 2010 г. - 25 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budykina T.S. [Autoimmune aspects of pathogenesis and prevention of perinatal complications in diabetes mellitus in the mother] … doctor of medical Sciences. Moscow, 2010-25 p. (In Russ.)@@ Будыкина Т. С. Аутоиммунные аспекты патогенеза и профилактики перинатальных осложнений при сахарном диабете у матери: автореф. дис. …док. мед. наук. - Москва, 2010 г. - 25 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stumpp C., Beyerlein A., Ziegler A. G., et аl. Neonatal and infant beta cell hormone concentrations in relation to type 1 diabetes risk. Pediatr Diabetes. 2014 Nov;15(7):528-33. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stumpp C., Beyerlein A., Ziegler A. G., et аl. Neonatal and infant beta cell hormone concentrations in relation to type 1 diabetes risk. Pediatr Diabetes. 2014 Nov;15(7):528-33. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranova S. V., Dmitrienok P. S., Buneva V. N., Nevinsky G. A. Autoantibodies in HIV-infected patients: Cross site-specific hydrolysis of H1 histone and myelin basic protein. Biofactors. 2019;45(2):211-222. doi:10.1002/biof.1473</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranova S. V., Dmitrienok P. S., Buneva V. N., Nevinsky G. A. Autoantibodies in HIV-infected patients: Cross site-specific hydrolysis of H1 histone and myelin basic protein. Biofactors. 2019;45(2):211-222. doi:10.1002/biof.1473</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dadas A., Washington J., Diaz-Arrastia R., Janigro D. Biomarkers in traumatic brain injury (TBI): a review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018 Nov 8;14:2989-3000. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S125620</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dadas A., Washington J., Diaz-Arrastia R., Janigro D. Biomarkers in traumatic brain injury (TBI): a review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018 Nov 8;14:2989-3000. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S125620</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deraos G., Kritsi E., Matsoukas M. T., et аl. Design of Linear and Cyclic Mutant Analogues of Dirucotide Peptide (MBP82-98) against Multiple Sclerosis: Conformational and Binding Studies to MHC Class II. Brain Sci. 2018 Dec 4; 8(12). pii: E213. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8120213</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deraos G., Kritsi E., Matsoukas M. T., et аl. Design of Linear and Cyclic Mutant Analogues of Dirucotide Peptide (MBP82-98) against Multiple Sclerosis: Conformational and Binding Studies to MHC Class II. Brain Sci. 2018 Dec 4; 8(12). pii: E213. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8120213</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hossain I., Mohammadian M., Takala R. S., et аl. Early levels of GFAP and NF-L in predicting the outcome of mild TBI. J Neurotrauma. 2018 Nov 29. doi: 10.1089/neu.2018.5952</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hossain I., Mohammadian M., Takala R. S., et аl. Early levels of GFAP and NF-L in predicting the outcome of mild TBI. J Neurotrauma. 2018 Nov 29. doi: 10.1089/neu.2018.5952</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeffrey J., D’Cunha H., Suzuki M. Blood Level of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Does not Correlate With Disease Progression in a Rat Model of Familial ALS (SOD1G93A Transgenic). Front Neurol. 2018 Nov 14;9:954. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00954</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeffrey J., D’Cunha H., Suzuki M. Blood Level of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Does not Correlate With Disease Progression in a Rat Model of Familial ALS (SOD1G93A Transgenic). Front Neurol. 2018 Nov 14;9:954. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00954</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meco D., Di Francesco A. M., Melotti L., et аl. Ectopic nerve growth factor prevents proliferation in glioma cells by senescence induction. J Cell Physiol. 2018 Nov 11. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27430</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meco D., Di Francesco A. M., Melotti L., et аl. Ectopic nerve growth factor prevents proliferation in glioma cells by senescence induction. J Cell Physiol. 2018 Nov 11. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27430</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mondal S., Jana M., Dasarathi S., et аl. Aspirin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through interleukin-11-mediated protection of regulatory T cells. Sci Signal. 2018 Nov 27;11(558). pii: eaar8278. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aar8278</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mondal S., Jana M., Dasarathi S., et аl. Aspirin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through interleukin-11-mediated protection of regulatory T cells. Sci Signal. 2018 Nov 27;11(558). pii: eaar8278. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aar8278</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olczak M., Kwiatkowska M., Niderla-Bielińska J., et аl. Chutorański D Brain-originated peptides as possible biochemical markers of traumatic brain injury in cerebrospinal fluid post-mortem examination. Folia Neuropathol. 2018; 56(2):97-103. doi: 10.5114/fn.2018.76613</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olczak M., Kwiatkowska M., Niderla-Bielińska J., et аl. Chutorański D Brain-originated peptides as possible biochemical markers of traumatic brain injury in cerebrospinal fluid post-mortem examination. Folia Neuropathol. 2018; 56(2):97-103. doi: 10.5114/fn.2018.76613</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiu X., Guo Q., Liu X., et аl. Pien Tze Huang Alleviates Relapsing-Remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice by Regulating Th1 and Th17 Cells. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Oct 31;9:1237. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01237</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiu X., Guo Q., Liu X., et аl. Pien Tze Huang Alleviates Relapsing-Remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice by Regulating Th1 and Th17 Cells. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Oct 31;9:1237. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01237</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riikonen R., Kokki H. CSF nerve growth factor (β-NGF) is increased but CSF insulin-like growth factor-(IGF-1) is normal in children with tuberous sclerosis and infantile spasms. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2018 Nov 14. pii: S1090-3798(18)30088-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.11.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riikonen R., Kokki H. CSF nerve growth factor (β-NGF) is increased but CSF insulin-like growth factor-(IGF-1) is normal in children with tuberous sclerosis and infantile spasms. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2018 Nov 14. pii: S1090-3798(18)30088-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.11.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He M., Shi X., Yang M., et аl. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived IL-6 activates AMPK/mTOR signaling to inhibit the proliferation of reactive astrocytes induced by hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Exp Neurol. 2019 Jan; 311:15-32. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He M., Shi X., Yang M., et аl. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived IL-6 activates AMPK/mTOR signaling to inhibit the proliferation of reactive astrocytes induced by hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Exp Neurol. 2019 Jan; 311:15-32. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X. C., Lei Y., Wang L., et аl. Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Reflects Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Topo IIα, and O⁶-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) Expression in Astrocytomas. Med Sci Monit. 2018 Dec 6;24:8822-8830. doi: 10.12659/MSM.911631</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X. C., Lei Y., Wang L., et аl. Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Reflects Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Topo IIα, and O⁶-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) Expression in Astrocytomas. Med Sci Monit. 2018 Dec 6;24:8822-8830. doi: 10.12659/MSM.911631</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otman I. N. [Inflammatory and autoimmune reactions in various forms of impaired functioning of the nervous system]. … Cand. Biol. Sciences. Moscow, 2015-24 p. (In Russ.)@@ Отман И. Н. Воспалительные и аутоиммунные реакции при различных формах нарушения функционирования нервной системы: автореф. дис. …канд. биол. наук. - Москва, 2015 г. - 24 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otman I. N. [Inflammatory and autoimmune reactions in various forms of impaired functioning of the nervous system]. … Cand. Biol. Sciences. Moscow, 2015-24 p. (In Russ.)@@ Отман И. Н. Воспалительные и аутоиммунные реакции при различных формах нарушения функционирования нервной системы: автореф. дис. …канд. биол. наук. - Москва, 2015 г. - 24 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herz J., Köster C., Crasmöller M., et аl. Peripheral T Cell Depletion by FTY720 Exacerbates Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. Front Immunol. 2018 Aug 6;9:1696. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01696</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herz J., Köster C., Crasmöller M., et аl. Peripheral T Cell Depletion by FTY720 Exacerbates Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. Front Immunol. 2018 Aug 6;9:1696. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01696</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mason B., Rollins L. G., Asumadu E., et аl. Nesting Environment Provides Sex-Specific Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018 Oct 2; 12:221. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mason B., Rollins L. G., Asumadu E., et аl. Nesting Environment Provides Sex-Specific Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018 Oct 2; 12:221. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00221</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith PL.P., Mottahedin A., Svedin P., et аl. Peripheral myeloid cells contribute to brain injury in male neonatal mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Oct 30;15(1):301. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1344-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith PL.P., Mottahedin A., Svedin P., et аl. Peripheral myeloid cells contribute to brain injury in male neonatal mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Oct 30;15(1):301. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1344-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skripchenko N. V., Ivanova G. P., Skripchenko E. Yu., et al. Clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis of encephalitis, disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis in children. Pediatrics named after G. N. Speransky. 2017; 96 (4): 34-42. (In Russ.)@@ Скрипченко Н. В., Иванова Г. П., Скрипченко Е. Ю. и соавт. Клинико-лабораторная дифференциальная диагностика энцефалитов, диссеминированных энцефаломиелитов и рассеянного склероза у детей.// Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г. Н. Сперанского. - Том: 96.-№ 4. - 2017. - С. 34-42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skripchenko N. V., Ivanova G. P., Skripchenko E. Yu., et al. Clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis of encephalitis, disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis in children. Pediatrics named after G. N. Speransky. 2017; 96 (4): 34-42. (In Russ.)@@ Скрипченко Н. В., Иванова Г. П., Скрипченко Е. Ю. и соавт. Клинико-лабораторная дифференциальная диагностика энцефалитов, диссеминированных энцефаломиелитов и рассеянного склероза у детей.// Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г. Н. Сперанского. - Том: 96.-№ 4. - 2017. - С. 34-42</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozov S. G., Kozhevnikova E. N., Petkevich N. P., et al., Neuroimmune status of children with perinatal pathology of the nervous system. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2014;13(5):33-39. (In Russ.)@@ Морозов С. Г., Кожевникова Е. Н., Петкевич Н. П. и соавт., Нейроиммунный статус детей с перинатальной патологией нервной системы. // Вопр. гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии, 2014, т. 13, № 5, с. 33-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov S. G., Kozhevnikova E. N., Petkevich N. P., et al., Neuroimmune status of children with perinatal pathology of the nervous system. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2014;13(5):33-39. (In Russ.)@@ Морозов С. Г., Кожевникова Е. Н., Петкевич Н. П. и соавт., Нейроиммунный статус детей с перинатальной патологией нервной системы. // Вопр. гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии, 2014, т. 13, № 5, с. 33-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu. Y., Yan Y., Luo Z., et аl. Effects of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cell transplantation in neonatal hypoxic-ischemia rat model. Brain Dev. 2018 Aug 31. pii: S0387-7604(18)30425-X. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.08.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu. Y., Yan Y., Luo Z., et аl. Effects of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cell transplantation in neonatal hypoxic-ischemia rat model. Brain Dev. 2018 Aug 31. pii: S0387-7604(18)30425-X. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.08.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vetchinkina Yu. V. [Clinical significance of antibodies to neurospecific antigens in newborns born in asphyxia]. author’s abstract. … candidate of medical Sciences. Saint-Petersburg, 2014, 26 p. (In Russ.)@@ Ветчинкина Ю. В. Клиническое значение антител к нейроспецифическим антигенам у новорожденных, родившихся в асфиксии: автореф. дис. …канд. мед. наук. - Санкт-Петербург, 2014 г. - 26 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vetchinkina Yu. V. [Clinical significance of antibodies to neurospecific antigens in newborns born in asphyxia]. author’s abstract. … candidate of medical Sciences. Saint-Petersburg, 2014, 26 p. (In Russ.)@@ Ветчинкина Ю. В. Клиническое значение антител к нейроспецифическим антигенам у новорожденных, родившихся в асфиксии: автореф. дис. …канд. мед. наук. - Санкт-Петербург, 2014 г. - 26 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litvinenko I. A. [Effectiveness of predicting diabetic fetopathy in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus]. author’s abstract. … candidate of medical Sciences. Moscow, 2012-129 p. (In Russ).@@ Литвиненко И. А. Эффективность прогнозирования диабетической фетопатии у беременных с гестационным сахарным диабетом: автореф. дис. …канд. мед. наук. - Москва, 2012 г. - 129 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinenko I. A. [Effectiveness of predicting diabetic fetopathy in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus]. author’s abstract. … candidate of medical Sciences. Moscow, 2012-129 p. (In Russ).@@ Литвиненко И. А. Эффективность прогнозирования диабетической фетопатии у беременных с гестационным сахарным диабетом: автореф. дис. …канд. мед. наук. - Москва, 2012 г. - 129 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sureshchandra S., Marshall N. E., Wilson R. M., et аl. Inflammatory Determinants of Pregravid Obesity in Placenta and Peripheral Blood. Front Physiol. 2018 Aug 7;9:1089. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01089</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sureshchandra S., Marshall N. E., Wilson R. M., et аl. Inflammatory Determinants of Pregravid Obesity in Placenta and Peripheral Blood. Front Physiol. 2018 Aug 7;9:1089. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01089</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagberg H., Gressens P., Mallard C. Inflammation during fetal and neonatal life: implications for neurologic and neuropsychiatric disease in children and adults. Ann Neurol. 2012 Apr;71(4):444-57. doi: 10.1002/ana.22620</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagberg H., Gressens P., Mallard C. Inflammation during fetal and neonatal life: implications for neurologic and neuropsychiatric disease in children and adults. Ann Neurol. 2012 Apr;71(4):444-57. doi: 10.1002/ana.22620</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mrizak I., Grissa O., Henault B., et аl. Placental infiltration of inflammatory markers in gestational diabetic women. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2014; 33(2):169-76. doi: 10.4149/gpb_2013075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mrizak I., Grissa O., Henault B., et аl. Placental infiltration of inflammatory markers in gestational diabetic women. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2014; 33(2):169-76. doi: 10.4149/gpb_2013075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hara Cde C., França E. L., Fagundes D. L., et аl. Calderon Ide M. Characterization of Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines in Maternal Placenta and Fetus of Diabetic Mothers. J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:7154524. doi: 10.1155/2016/7154524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hara Cde C., França E. L., Fagundes D. L., et аl. Calderon Ide M. Characterization of Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines in Maternal Placenta and Fetus of Diabetic Mothers. J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:7154524. doi: 10.1155/2016/7154524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomes Fagundes D. L., França E. L., da Silva Fernandes R. T., et аl. Calderon Ide M. Changes in T-cell phenotype and cytokines profile in maternal blood, cord blood and colostrum of diabetic mothers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 Mar;29(6):998-1004. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1031739</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomes Fagundes D. L., França E. L., da Silva Fernandes R. T., et аl. Calderon Ide M. Changes in T-cell phenotype and cytokines profile in maternal blood, cord blood and colostrum of diabetic mothers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 Mar;29(6):998-1004. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1031739</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brener A., Lebenthal Y., Interator H., et аl. Long-term safety of α-1 antitrypsin therapy in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Immunotherapy. 2018 Sep;10(13):1137-1148. doi: 10.2217/imt-2018-0047</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brener A., Lebenthal Y., Interator H., et аl. Long-term safety of α-1 antitrypsin therapy in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Immunotherapy. 2018 Sep;10(13):1137-1148. doi: 10.2217/imt-2018-0047</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papysheva O. V., Besedina M. V., Morozov S. G., et al. The effect of maternal autoantibodies to nerve tissue proteins on the state of the nervous system of newborns and young children. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology, 2013, vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 25-31. (In Russ.)@@ Папышева О. В., Беседина М. В., Морозов С. Г., и соавт. Влияние матерински х аутоантител к белкам нервной ткани на состояние нервной системы новорожденных и детей раннего возраста. // Вопр. гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии, 2013, т. 12, № 3, с. 25-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papysheva O. V., Besedina M. V., Morozov S. G., et al. The effect of maternal autoantibodies to nerve tissue proteins on the state of the nervous system of newborns and young children. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology, 2013, vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 25-31. (In Russ.)@@ Папышева О. В., Беседина М. В., Морозов С. Г., и соавт. Влияние матерински х аутоантител к белкам нервной ткани на состояние нервной системы новорожденных и детей раннего возраста. // Вопр. гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии, 2013, т. 12, № 3, с. 25-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Logutova L S, Petrukhin V A, Bocharova I I, Burumkulova F F, Gur’eva V M, Aksenov A N, Bashakin N F, Troitskaia M V, Pavlovich I V, Musorina L. N. Monitoring of newborn infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2013;13(2):89-94. (In Russ.)@@ Логутова Л. С., Петрухин В. А., Бочарова И. И., Бурумкулова Ф. Ф., Гурьева В М., Аксенов А. Н., Башакин Н. Ф., Троицкая М. В., Павлович И. В., Мусорина Л. Н. Мониторинг новорожденных, родившихся у матерей с гестационным сахарным диабетом // Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. - 2013. - Т. 13, № 2. - С. 89-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Logutova L S, Petrukhin V A, Bocharova I I, Burumkulova F F, Gur’eva V M, Aksenov A N, Bashakin N F, Troitskaia M V, Pavlovich I V, Musorina L. N. Monitoring of newborn infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2013;13(2):89-94. (In Russ.)@@ Логутова Л. С., Петрухин В. А., Бочарова И. И., Бурумкулова Ф. Ф., Гурьева В М., Аксенов А. Н., Башакин Н. Ф., Троицкая М. В., Павлович И. В., Мусорина Л. Н. Мониторинг новорожденных, родившихся у матерей с гестационным сахарным диабетом // Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. - 2013. - Т. 13, № 2. - С. 89-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elinevskaya G.F., prilutskaya V.A., Zelenevsky V. B. Influence of metabolic disorders in mothers on the health status of children during the newborn period. Medical journal, 2012, no. 1, pp. 34-37. (In Russ.)@@ Елиневская Г. Ф., Прилуцкая В. А., Елиневский В. Б. Влияние метаболических нарушений у матерей на состояние здоровья детей периода новорожденности // Медицинский журнал. - 2012. - № 1. - С. 34-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elinevskaya G.F., prilutskaya V.A., Zelenevsky V. B. Influence of metabolic disorders in mothers on the health status of children during the newborn period. Medical journal, 2012, no. 1, pp. 34-37. (In Russ.)@@ Елиневская Г. Ф., Прилуцкая В. А., Елиневский В. Б. Влияние метаболических нарушений у матерей на состояние здоровья детей периода новорожденности // Медицинский журнал. - 2012. - № 1. - С. 34-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaposhnikova E.V., Vedmed A. A., Batchinina O. V. The effects of gestational diabetes on pregnancy and the neonate: complication and outcomes in births. Smolensk medical almanac. 2017; 4: 57-60. (in Russ)@@ Шапошникова Е. В., Ведмедь А. А., Бацунина О. В. Перинатальные исходы при гестационном сахарном диабете: особенности течения периода новорожденности, раннего детства // Журнал Смоленский медицинский альманах. - 2017. № 4. - С. 57-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaposhnikova E.V., Vedmed A. A., Batchinina O. V. The effects of gestational diabetes on pregnancy and the neonate: complication and outcomes in births. Smolensk medical almanac. 2017; 4: 57-60. (in Russ)@@ Шапошникова Е. В., Ведмедь А. А., Бацунина О. В. Перинатальные исходы при гестационном сахарном диабете: особенности течения периода новорожденности, раннего детства // Журнал Смоленский медицинский альманах. - 2017. № 4. - С. 57-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
