References

nogr

Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology

1682-8658

«Global Media Technologies»

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-191-7-74-80

nogr-1703

Research Article

ОБЗОР

REVIEW

Пищевое поведение и ожирение женщин: эстрогены и анорексигенный эффект эстрадиола

Eating behavior and obesity of women: estrogens and anorexigenic effect of estradiol

Якимова

А. В.

Yakimova

A. V.

yakimova@ngmu.ru

Маринкин

И. О.

Marinkin

I. O.

noemail@neicon.ru

ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияNovosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation

2021

27092021

077480

2021

Якимова А.В., Маринкин И.О.

Yakimova A.V., Marinkin I.O.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1703

Пищевое поведение - это сложное взаимодействие физиологических, психологических, социальных и генетических факторов, влияющих на время приема пищи, количество потребляемой пищи и пищевые предпочтения. Ожирение достигло масштабов эпидемии в мире и является ведущей причиной заболеваемости и смертности. Согласно результатам анализа 20 проспективных исследований, годы жизни, потерянные из-за ожирения, теперь превысили годы жизни, потерянные из-за курения. Эпидемия ожирения в мире определяет актуальность исследований, направленных на выявление факторов, способствующих возникновению этого патологического состояния. Мы изучали, преимущественно, иностранную литературу о влиянии эстрогенов на пищевое поведение женщин и физиологию жировой ткани. После наступления половой зрелости женщины подвергаются большему риску развития расстройств пищевого поведения, чем мужчины, возможно вследствие более лабильной психики. Эстрогены способствуют накоплению подкожного жира, а гипоэстрогения в менопаузе способствует увеличению количества висцерального жира. Считается, что аноректические эффекты эстрогенов опосредуются ЦНС, это утверждение основано на том, что прямые инъекции эстрадиола в паравентрикулярное ядро или дугообразное/вентромедиальное ядро являются наиболее эффективными для снижения потребления пищи, массы тела и повышения двигательной активности. Есть все основания полагать, что дальнейшие клинические, ориентированные на женщин, исследования, дающие более четкое понимание внутриклеточных сигнальных путей, ответственных за эстрогенный контроль потребления пищи, дадут новое понимание механизмов, ответственных за большую распространенность ожирения и расстройств пищевого поведения женщин.

Eating behavior is a complex interaction of physiological, psychological, social, and genetic factors that affect the time of eating, the amount of food consumed, and food preferences. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the world and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. According to an analysis of 20 prospective studies, the years of life lost due to obesity have now exceeded the years of life lost due to smoking. The epidemic of obesity in the world determines the relevance of research aimed at identifying the factors that contribute to the emergence of this pathological condition. We studied mainly foreign literature on the effect of estrogens on women’s eating behavior and the physiology of adipose tissue. After puberty, women are at greater risk of developing eating disorders than men, possibly due to a more labile psyche. Estrogens contribute to the accumulation of subcutaneous fat, and low estrogen level in menopausal women contributes to an increase in the amount of visceral fat. It is believed that the anorectic effects of estrogens are mediated by the central nervous system, this statement is based on the fact that direct injections of estradiol into the paraventricular nucleus or the arcuate/ventromedial nucleus are most effective for reducing food intake, body weight and increasing motor activity. There is every reason to believe that further clinical, women-focused studies that provide a better understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for the estrogenic control of food intake will provide new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the greater prevalence of obesity and eating disorders in women.

ожирениеженщинылечение ожиренияэстрогеныполовые различияпищевое поведение

obesitywomentreatment of obesityestrogenssex differenceseating behavior

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.