<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-184-12-96-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-1502</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гепатопротекторные свойства глицирризиновой кислоты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hepatoprotective properties of glycyrrhizic acid</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-5531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оковитый</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okovity</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оковитый Сергей Владимирович, заведующий кафедрой Фармакологии и клинической фармакологии, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Okovity, Doct. of Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology</p><p>14, lit. A, st. Professor Popov, 197376, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-6142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Райхельсон</surname><given-names>К. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Raikhelson</surname><given-names>K. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Райхельсон Карина Леонидовна, профессор Научно-клинического и образовательного центра гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Университетская наб., 7/9, Санкт-Петербург, 199034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karina L. Raikhelson, Doct. of Med. Sci., Professor, Professor of the Scientific, Clinical and Educational Centre of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of High Technologies</p><p>7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5113-2108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волнухин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volnukhin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волнухин Артем Витальевич, профессор кафедры общей врачебной практики Института профессионального образования, доктор медицинских наук</p><p>119146, Большая Пироговская ул., 19с1, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem V. Volnukhin, Volnuhin Artem V., Doct. of Med. Sci., Professor of the Department of General Practice, Institute of Professional Education</p><p>2–4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volnuhin81@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlai</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудлай Дмитрий Анатольевич, профессор кафедры фармакологии Института Фармации, доктор медицинских наук</p><p>119146, Большая Пироговская ул., 19с1, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kudlai, Doct. of Med. Sci., Professor of the Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy</p><p>2–4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Санкт-петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First Moscow state medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оковитый С.В., Райхельсон К.Л., Волнухин А.В., Кудлай Д.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оковитый С.В., Райхельсон К.Л., Волнухин А.В., Кудлай Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Okovity S.V., Raikhelson K.L., Volnukhin A.V., Kudlai D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1502">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1502</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор посвящен проблеме терапии неалкогольной жировой болезни печени, являющейся самой распространенной патологией гепато-билиарной системы во всем мире и характеризующейся растущей частотой, в том числе, за счет более тяжелых форм. Представлен широкий спектр патогенетических связей неалкогольной жировой болезни печени с заболеваниями других систем органов, прежде всего, с заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы, сахарным диабетом 2 типа, хронической болезнью почек и заболеваниями желчевыводящих путей. Основными механизмами коморбидности являются инсулинорезистентность, оксидативный стресс, воспаление, нарушения углеводного и жирового обмена. Обоснован подход к терапии данного заболевания, основанный на концепции коморбидности. В качестве рационального терапевтического выбора представлена молекула глицирризиновой кислоты, обладающая плейотропным действием, включающим противовоспалительный, антиоксидантный, антифибротический и иммуномодулирующий эффекты. Доказательная база глицирризиновой кислоты сформирована большим массивом клинических исследований, включая рандомизированные плацебо-контролируемые, проведенные как в России, так и за рубежом, при инфекционных и неинфекционных заболеваниях печени, в том числе при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Акцентировано внимание на неалкогольной жировой болезни печени с внутрипеченочным холестазом, ассоциирующимся с более тяжелым течением и высокими темпами прогрессирования заболевания. Представлена теоретическая предпосылка применения комбинации глицирризиновой и урсодезоксихолевой кислот, основанная на потенциальном противовоспалительном и агтихолестатическом синергизме двух молекул.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review is devoted to the problem of treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the most common pathology of the hepato-biliary system worldwide and is characterized by an increasing frequency, including of more severe forms. A wide range of pathogenetic relationships of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with diseases of other organ systems, primarily with diseases of the cardiovascular system, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and diseases of the biliary tract, is presented. The main mechanisms of comorbidity are insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. An approach to the therapy of this disease based on the concept of comorbidity has been substantiated. As a rational therapeutic choice, a molecule of glycyrrhizic acid is presented, which has pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic and immunomodulatory effects. The evidence base for glycyrrhizic acid is formed by a large array of clinical trials, including randomized placebo-controlled trials conducted both in Russia and abroad, in infectious and non-infectious liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Attention is focused on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with intrahepatic cholestasis associated with a more severe course and high rates of disease progression. A theoretical justification for the use of a combination of glycyrrhizic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid in such patients is presented. The reason for this is the potential synergy of the two molecules, based on the induction of CYP3A4, and associated with the effect on inflammation, as a factor in the development of intrahepatic cholestasis and cholestasis itself.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>внутрипеченочный холестаз</kwd><kwd>глицирризиновая кислота</kwd><kwd>эссенциальные фосфолипиды</kwd><kwd>фосфатидилхолин</kwd><kwd>урсодезоксихолевая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>intrahepatic cholestasis</kwd><kwd>glycyrrhizic acid</kwd><kwd>ursodeoxycholic acid</kwd><kwd>combination therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trifan А., Stanciu С., Jurcаu М., et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. A scientometric analysis of publications during 1980–2018. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98 (50): e18221. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trifan А., Stanciu С., Jurcаu М., et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. A scientometric analysis of publications during 1980–2018. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98 (50): e18221. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eslam M., Sanya A. J., George J. MAFLD: A ConsensusDriven Proposed Nomenclature for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(7):1999– 2014. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eslam M., Sanya A. J., George J. MAFLD: A ConsensusDriven Proposed Nomenclature for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(7):1999– 2014. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bang K.B., Cho Y. K. Comorbidities and Metabolic Derangement of NAFLD. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2015; 5 (1): 7–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bang K.B., Cho Y. K. Comorbidities and Metabolic Derangement of NAFLD. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2015; 5 (1): 7–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Käräjämäki A.J., Pätsi O.-P., Savolainen M., et al. NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Predictor of Atrial Fibrillation in Middle-Aged Population (OPERA Study). PLoS ONE. 2015; 10 (11): e0142937. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142937.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Käräjämäki A.J., Pätsi O.-P., Savolainen M., et al. NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Predictor of Atrial Fibrillation in Middle-Aged Population (OPERA Study). PLoS ONE. 2015; 10 (11): e0142937. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142937.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fotbolcu H., Zorlu E. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a multi-systemic disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22(16): 4079–4090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fotbolcu H., Zorlu E. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a multi-systemic disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22(16): 4079–4090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu S., Wu F., Ding Y., et al. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with major adverse cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci. Rep. 2016; 6: 33386. doi: 10.1038/srep33386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu S., Wu F., Ding Y., et al. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with major adverse cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci. Rep. 2016; 6: 33386. doi: 10.1038/srep33386.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patil R., Sood G. K. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2017; 8 (2): 51–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patil R., Sood G. K. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2017; 8 (2): 51–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu K.C., Wang H. Y., Liu S. C., et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Updates in noninvasive diagnosis and correlation with cardiovascular disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20 (24): 7718–7729.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu K.C., Wang H. Y., Liu S. C., et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Updates in noninvasive diagnosis and correlation with cardiovascular disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20 (24): 7718–7729.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinn D.H., Cho S. J., Gwak G. Y., et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease for Identification of Preclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis. Medicine. 2016; 95 (3): e2578. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002578.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinn D.H., Cho S. J., Gwak G. Y., et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease for Identification of Preclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis. Medicine. 2016; 95 (3): e2578. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002578.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonci E., Chiesa C., Versacci P., et al. Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BioMed Research International. 2015; 213737. Doi: 10.1155/2015/213737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonci E., Chiesa C., Versacci P., et al. Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BioMed Research International. 2015; 213737. Doi: 10.1155/2015/213737.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikolasevic I., Milic S., Turk Wensveen T., et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease–A multisystem disease? World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22(43): 9488–9505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikolasevic I., Milic S., Turk Wensveen T., et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease–A multisystem disease? World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22(43): 9488–9505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan L.H., Mu B., Guan Y., et al. Assessment of the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic complications. J Diabetes Investig. 2016; 7 (6): 889–894.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan L.H., Mu B., Guan Y., et al. Assessment of the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic complications. J Diabetes Investig. 2016; 7 (6): 889–894.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агафонова О.В., Гриценко Т. А., Богданова Ю. В. и др. Поликлиническая терапия: Учебник. Под ред. Д. И. Давыдкина, Ю. В. Щукина. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2020. 840с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agafonova O. V., Gritsenko T. A., Bogdanova Yu.V., et al. Polyclinic therapy: Textbook. 2nd ed., Rev. and add. Moscow. GEOTAR-Media Publ., 2020. 840 P.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colak Y., Bozbey G., Erim T., et al. Impaired Gallbladder Motility and Increased Gallbladder Wall Thickness in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016; 22 (3): 470–476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colak Y., Bozbey G., Erim T., et al. Impaired Gallbladder Motility and Increased Gallbladder Wall Thickness in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016; 22 (3): 470–476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koller T., Kollerova J., Hlavaty T., et al. Cholelithiasis and markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic risk factors. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012; 47(2): 197–203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koller T., Kollerova J., Hlavaty T., et al. Cholelithiasis and markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic risk factors. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012; 47(2): 197–203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xue J., Xin H., Ren N., et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest. 2019; 49 (9): e13158. doi: 10.1111/eci.13158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xue J., Xin H., Ren N., et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest. 2019; 49 (9): e13158. doi: 10.1111/eci.13158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wijarnpreecha K., Panjawatanan P., Th ongprayoon C., et al. Association between gastroesophageal refl ux disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2017; 23(6): 311–317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wijarnpreecha K., Panjawatanan P., Thongprayoon C., et al. Association between gastroesophageal refl ux disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2017; 23(6): 311–317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujiwara M., Eguchi Y., Fukumori N., et al. Th e Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Correlate with High Body Mass Index, the Aspartate Aminotransferase/ Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio and Insulin Resistance in Japanese Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. InternMed. 2015; 54: 3099–3104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujiwara M., Eguchi Y., Fukumori N., et al. Th e Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Correlate with High Body Mass Index, the Aspartate Aminotransferase/ Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio and Insulin Resistance in Japanese Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. InternMed. 2015; 54: 3099–3104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng D.D., He C., Ai H. H., et al. Th e Possible Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front. Microbiol. 2017; 8: 743. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng D.D., He C., Ai H. H., et al. Th e Possible Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front. Microbiol. 2017; 8: 743. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waluga M., Kukla M., Zorniak M., et al. From the stomach to other organs: Helicobacter pylori and the liver. World J Hepatol. 2015; 7(18): 2136–2146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waluga M., Kukla M., Zorniak M., et al. From the stomach to other organs: Helicobacter pylori and the liver. World J Hepatol. 2015; 7(18): 2136–2146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Che-yung Chao, Robert Battat, Alex Al Khoury, et al. Co-existence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and infl ammatory bowel disease: a review article. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22 (34): 7727–7734.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Che-yung Chao, Robert Battat, Alex Al Khoury, et al. Co-existence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and infl ammatory bowel disease: a review article. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22 (34): 7727–7734.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nseir W., Artul S., Abu Rajab S., et al. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. IMAJ. 2017; 19: 198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nseir W., Artul S., Abu Rajab S., et al. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. IMAJ. 2017; 19: 198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mantovani A., Lonardo A., Vinco G., et al. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and decreased lung function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. 2019; 45 (6): 536–544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mantovani A., Lonardo A., Vinco G., et al. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and decreased lung function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. 2019; 45 (6): 536–544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J.-Y., Cao H. Y., Liu P., et al. Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Literature Review. BioMed Research International. 2014; Article ID872139. Doi: 10.1155/2014/872139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li J.-Y., Cao H. Y., Liu P., et al. Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Literature Review. BioMed Research International. 2014; Article ID872139. Doi: 10.1155/2014/872139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pastorino G., Cornara L., Soares S., et al. Liquorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytotherapy Research. 2018; 32: 2323–2339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pastorino G., Cornara L., Soares S., et al. Liquorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytotherapy Research. 2018; 32: 2323–2339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selyutina O. Yu., Polyakov N. E. Glycyrrhizic acid as a multifunctional drug carrier – From physicochemical properties to biomedical applications: A modern insight on the ancient drug. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2019; 559: 271–279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selyutina O. Yu., Polyakov N. E. Glycyrrhizic acid as a multifunctional drug carrier – From physicochemical properties to biomedical applications: A modern insight on the ancient drug. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2019; 559: 271–279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moro T, Shimoyama Y, Kushida M, Hong YY, Nakao S, Higashiyama R, et al. Glycyrrhizin and its metabolite inhibit Smad3-mediated type I collagen gene transcription and suppress experimental murine liver fi brosis. Life Sci. 2008; 83(15–16): 531–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moro T, Shimoyama Y, Kushida M, Hong YY, Nakao S, Higashiyama R, et al. Glycyrrhizin and its metabolite inhibit Smad3-mediated type I collagen gene transcription and suppress experimental murine liver fi brosis. Life Sci. 2008; 83(15–16): 531–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murck H. Symptomatic Protective Action of Glycyrrhizin (Licorice) in COVID-19 Infection? Front. Immunol. 2020; 11:1239. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murck H. Symptomatic Protective Action of Glycyrrhizin (Licorice) in COVID-19 Infection? Front. Immunol. 2020; 11:1239. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo P., Liu D., Li J. Pharmacological perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for COVID-19. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020. 105995. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luo P., Liu D., Li J. Pharmacological perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for COVID-19. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020. 105995. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bailly C., Vergoten G. Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infectionand the associated respiratory syndrome? Pharmacology &amp; Th erapeutics. 2020. 107618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bailly C., Vergoten G. Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infectionand the associated respiratory syndrome? Pharmacology &amp; Th erapeutics. 2020. 107618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai S, Bi Z, Bai Y et al. Glycyrrhizic Acid-Induced Differentiation Repressed Stemness in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1. Front. Oncol. 2020; 9:1431. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01431.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai S, Bi Z, Bai Y et al. Glycyrrhizic Acid-Induced Differentiation Repressed Stemness in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1. Front. Oncol. 2020; 9:1431. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01431.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiota G., Harada K-I, Ishida M., et al. Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by glycyr-rhizin in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. Carcinogenesis. 1999; 20 (1): 59–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiota G., Harada K-I, Ishida M., et al. Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by glycyr-rhizin in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. Carcinogenesis. 1999; 20 (1): 59–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan R., Khan A. Q., Lateef A., et al. Glycyrrhizic Acid Suppresses the Development of Precancerous Lesions via Regulating the Hyperproliferation, Inflammation, Angiogenesis and Apoptosis in the Colon of Wistar Rats. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2): e56020. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan R., Khan A. Q., Lateef A., et al. Glycyrrhizic Acid Suppresses the Development of Precancerous Lesions via Regulating the Hyperproliferation, Inflammation, Angiogenesis and Apoptosis in the Colon of Wistar Rats. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2): e56020. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma D., Zhang J., Zhang Y., et al. Inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy by magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. IntImmunopharmacol. 2018; 55: 237–244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma D., Zhang J., Zhang Y., et al. Inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy by magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. IntImmunopharmacol. 2018; 55: 237–244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang Q., Cao Y., Xiong W., et al. Glycyrrhizic acid exerts protective effects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced human coronary artery endothelial cell damage by regulating mitochondria. ExpTher Med. 2020; 20 (1): 335–342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang Q., Cao Y., Xiong W., et al. Glycyrrhizic acid exerts protective effects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced human coronary artery endothelial cell damage by regulating mitochondria. ExpTher Med. 2020; 20 (1): 335–342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng H.S., Magdelene J., Kong X. F., et al. Novel inhibitory effects of glycyrrhizic acid on the accumulation of advanced glycation end product and its receptor expression. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. 2014. 4:325–333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng H.S., Magdelene J., Kong X. F., et al. Novel inhibitory effects of glycyrrhizic acid on the accumulation of advanced glycation end product and its receptor expression. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. 2014. 4:325–333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou S., Zheng F., Li Y., et al. Th e Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury Induced by High Glucose. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014; 15: 15026–15043. doi: 10.3390/ijms150915026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou S., Zheng F., Li Y., et al. Th e Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury Induced by High Glucose. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014; 15: 15026–15043. doi: 10.3390/ijms150915026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fouladi S., Masjedi M., Hakemi M. G., et al. Th e review of in vitro and in vivo studies over the glycyrrhizic acid as natural remedy option for treatment of allergic asthma. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019; 18(1):1–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fouladi S., Masjedi M., Hakemi M. G., et al. Th e review of in vitro and in vivo studies over the glycyrrhizic acid as natural remedy option for treatment of allergic asthma. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019; 18(1):1–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Q.C., Wang M. J., Chen X. M., et al. Can active components of licorice, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid, lick rheumatoid arthritis? Oncotarget. 2015; 7 (2): 1193–1202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Q.C., Wang M. J., Chen X. M., et al. Can active components of licorice, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid, lick rheumatoid arthritis? Oncotarget. 2015; 7 (2): 1193–1202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hung C.H., Kee K. M., Chen C. H., et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Glycyrrhizin Plus Tenofovir vs. Tenofovir in Chronic Hepatitis B with Severe Acute Exacerbation. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. 2017; 8, e104. doi:10.1038/ctg.2017.29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hung C.H., Kee K. M., Chen C. H., et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Glycyrrhizin Plus Tenofovir vs. Tenofovir in Chronic Hepatitis B with Severe Acute Exacerbation. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. 2017; 8, e104. doi:10.1038/ctg.2017.29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Rossum T. G.J., Vulto A.G, Hop W. C.J., et al. Glycyrrhizin-Induced Reduction of ALT in European Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2001; 96 (8): 2432–2437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Rossum T. G.J., Vulto A.G, Hop W. C.J., et al. Glycyrrhizin-Induced Reduction of ALT in European Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2001; 96 (8): 2432–2437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Rossum T. G.J., Vulto A.G, Hop W. C.J., et al. Intravenous Glycyrrhizin for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Double-Blinded, Randomised, PlaceboControlled Phase I/II Trial. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 1999; 14: 1093–1099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Rossum T. G.J., Vulto A.G, Hop W. C.J., et al. Intravenous Glycyrrhizin for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Double-Blinded, Randomised, PlaceboControlled Phase I/II Trial. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 1999; 14: 1093–1099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orlent H., Hansen B. E., Willems M., et al. Biochemical and histological effects of 26 weeks of glycyrrhizin treatment in chronic hepatitis C: A randomized phase II trial. Journal of Hepatology. 2006; 45: 539–546.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlent H., Hansen B. E., Willems M., et al. Biochemical and histological effects of 26 weeks of glycyrrhizin treatment in chronic hepatitis C: A randomized phase II trial. Journal of Hepatology. 2006; 45: 539–546.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manns M. P., Wedemeyer H., Singer A., et al. Glycyrrhizin in patients who failed previous interferon alpha-based therapies: biochemical and histological effects aft er 52 weeks. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2012; 19: 537–546.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manns M. P., Wedemeyer H., Singer A., et al. Glycyrrhizin in patients who failed previous interferon alpha-based therapies: biochemical and histological effects aft er 52 weeks. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2012; 19: 537–546.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arase Y., Ikeda K., Murashima N., et al. Th e Long Term Efficacy of Glycyrrhizin in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients. Cancer. 1997; 79 (8): 1494–1500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arase Y., Ikeda K., Murashima N., et al. Th e Long Term Efficacy of Glycyrrhizin in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients. Cancer. 1997; 79 (8): 1494–1500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikeda K., Arase Y., Kobayashi M., et al. A Long-Term Glycyrrhizin Injection Therapy Reduces Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis Rate in Patients with Interferon-Resistant Active Chronic Hepatitis C: A Cohort Study of 1249 Patients. DigestiveDiseasesandSciences. 2006; 51 (3): 603–609.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikeda K., Arase Y., Kobayashi M., et al. A Long-Term Glycyrrhizin Injection Therapy Reduces Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis Rate in Patients with Interferon-Resistant Active Chronic Hepatitis C: A Cohort Study of 1249 Patients. DigestiveDiseasesandSciences. 2006; 51 (3): 603–609.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hansen B.E., Ikeda K., Veldt B. J., et al. Long-term follow-up of glycyrrhizin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and non-response to interferon: Metaanalysis of individual patient data. Journal of Hepatology. 2003; 38(2): 143–144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hansen B.E., Ikeda K., Veldt B. J., et al. Long-term follow-up of glycyrrhizin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and non-response to interferon: Metaanalysis of individual patient data. Journal of Hepatology. 2003; 38(2): 143–144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hajiaghamohammadi A.A., Ziaee A., Samimi R. Th e Efficacy of Licorice Root Extract in Decreasing Transaminase Activities in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother. Res. 2012. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3728.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hajiaghamohammadi A.A., Ziaee A., Samimi R. Th e Efficacy of Licorice Root Extract in Decreasing Transaminase Activities in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother. Res. 2012. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3728.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chigurupati H., Auddy B., Biyani M., et a l. Hepatoprotective Effects of a Proprietary Glycyrrhizin Product during Alcohol Consumption: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Phytother Res. 2016; 30 (12):1943–1953.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chigurupati H., Auddy B., Biyani M., et a l. Hepatoprotective Effects of a Proprietary Glycyrrhizin Product during Alcohol Consumption: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Phytother Res. 2016; 30 (12):1943–1953.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei M., Liang-zhu Y., Li W., et al. Effects of Compound Glycyrrhizin on Liver Function in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease: a Meta-analysis. China Pharmacy. 2013; 24 (12). doi: 10.6039/j.issn.1001–0408.2013.12.22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei M., Liang-zhu Y., Li W., et al. Effects of Compound Glycyrrhizin on Liver Function in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease: a Meta-analysis. China Pharmacy. 2013; 24 (12). doi: 10.6039/j.issn.1001–0408.2013.12.22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren C.A., Li Y. X., Cui J. Y., et al. Efficacy of glycyrrhizin combined with cyclosporine in the treatment of non-severe aplastic anemia. Chinese Medical Journal. 2013;126 (11): 2083–2086.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren C.A., Li Y. X., Cui J. Y., et al. Efficacy of glycyrrhizin combined with cyclosporine in the treatment of non-severe aplastic anemia. Chinese Medical Journal. 2013;126 (11): 2083–2086.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yasui S., Fujiwara K., Tawada A., et al. Efficacy of Intravenous Glycyrrhizin in the Early Stage of Acute Onset Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2011; 56:3638– 3647.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yasui S., Fujiwara K., Tawada A., et al. Efficacy of Intravenous Glycyrrhizin in the Early Stage of Acute Onset Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2011; 56:3638– 3647.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L., Ma O., Li H. Effect of vitiligo treatment using compound glycyrrhizin combined with fractional carbon dioxide laser and topical triamcinolone acetonide on serum interleukin-17 and tissue growth factor-β levels. Journal of International Medical Research. 2019; 47 (11): 5623–5631.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L., Ma O., Li H. Effect of vitiligo treatment using compound glycyrrhizin combined with fractional carbon dioxide laser and topical triamcinolone acetonide on serum interleukin-17 and tissue growth factor-β levels. Journal of International Medical Research. 2019; 47 (11): 5623–5631.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu J.J., Zhang C. S., Coyle M. E., et al. Compound glycyrrhizin plus conventional therapy for psoriasis vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2017; 33 (2): 279–287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu J.J., Zhang C. S., Coyle M. E., et al. Compound glycyrrhizin plus conventional therapy for psoriasis vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2017; 33 (2): 279–287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ипатова О. М. Фосфоглив: механизм действия и применения в клинике. Монография. Под ред. А. И. Арчакова. М.: Изд. ГУ НИИ биомедицинской химии РАМН, 2005. 318 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ipatova O. M. Phosphogliv: mechanism of action and clinical use. Monograph. Ed. Archakov A. I. Moscow. GU Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Publ., 2005. 318 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буеверов А. О. Глицирризиновая кислота: патогенетическая терапия хронического гепатита С у особых групп пациентов. Клинические перспективы гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии. 2014; 4: 3–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buyeverov A. O. Glycyrrhizinic acid: pathogenic treatment of chronic hepatitis c at specific groups of patients. Clinical perspectives of gastroenterology, hepatology. 2014; 4: 3–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsubota A., Kumada H., Arase Y., et al. Combined ursodeoxycholic acid and glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a randomized controlled trial in 170 patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999; 11(10): 1077–1083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsubota A., Kumada H., Arase Y., et al. Combined ursodeoxycholic acid and glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a randomized controlled trial in 170 patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999; 11(10): 1077–1083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вьючнова Е.С., Маев И. В., Бабина С. М. Эффективность эссенциальных фосфолипидов в лечении больных с неалкогольным стеатогепатитом. Клинические перспективы гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии. 2010; 3: 3–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vyuchnova E. S., Maev I. V., Babina S. M. Th e eff ectiveness of essential phospholipids in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clinical perspectives of gastroenterology, hepatology. 2010; 3: 3–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Бакулин И. Г., Богомолов П. О. и др. Результаты многоцентрового двойного слепого рандомизированного плацебоконтролируемого пострегистрационного (IV фаза) клинического исследования «Гепард» (PHG-M2/P02–12), проведенного с целью оценки эффективности и безопасности комбинированного препарата глицирризиновой кислоты и эссенциальных фосфолипидов (Фосфоглив) при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. РЖГГК. 2017; 27 (2): 34–43. https://doi.org/10.22416/1382–4376–2017–27–2–34–43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V. T., Bakulin I. G., Bogomolov P. O., et al. Efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizic acid combined to essential phospholipids (Phosphogliv) at non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results of multicenter double blind randomized placebo-controlled post-registration clinical study (IV phase) «Gepard» (PHG-M2/P02– 12). Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2017;27(2):34–43. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22416/1382–4376–2017–27–2–34–43</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мехтиев С . Н . Перспективы комплексной терапии больных алкогольной болезнью печени с выраженными стадиями фиброза. ЭФ. Гастроэнтерология. 2011; 2: 15–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mekhtiev S. N. Prospects for the complex therapy of patients with alcoholic liver disease with severe stages of fibrosis. EF. Gastroenterology. 2011; 2: 15–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитин И.Г., Байкова И. Е., Волынкина В. М. и др. Опыт использования глицирризиновой кислоты в лечении пациентов с алкогольной болезнью печени. РЖГГК. 2009; 1: 53–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitin I. G., Baikova I. E., Volynkina V. M. et al. Experience of using glycyrrhizic acid in the treatment of patients with alcoholic liver disease. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2009;(1):53–58. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бакулин И.Г., Бохан Н. А., Богомолов П. О. и др. Результаты двойного слепого рандомизированного плацебоконтролируемого многоцентрового пострегистрационного (IV фаза) клинического исследования «Ягуар» (PHG-M2/P03–12) для оценки эффективности и безопасности комбинированного препарата глицирризиновой кислоты и эссенциальных фосфолипидов (Фосфоглив) при лечении больных алкогольной болезнью печени. РЖГГК. 27 (3): 57–68. doi: 10.22416/1382–4376–2017–27–3–57–68</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakulin I. G., Bokhan N. A., Bogomolov P. O., et al. Efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizic acid and essential phospholipids (Phosphogliv) combination for alcoholic liver disease: results of the double-blind randomized placebo-controlled multicenter post-registration (phase IV) clinical trial «Jaguar» (PHG-M2/P03–12). Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2017;27(3):57–68. (In Russ.) doi: 10.22416/1382–4376–2017–27–3–57–68</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новикова Т.И., Новиков В. С. Опыт применения препарата «Фосфоглив» в терапии поражения печени на фоне химиотерапии легких // Туберкулез и болезни легких / IX Съезд фтизиатров России: материалы конференции. – 2011. – № 5. – С. 76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikova T. I., Novikov V. S. Experience of using the drug «Phosphogliv» in the treatment of liver damage against the background of chemotherapy of the lungs. Tuberculosis and lung diseases. IX Congress of phthisiatricians of Russia: conference proceedings. 2011. No. 5, 76 P.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shipovskaya A.A., Dudanova O. P. Intrahepatic cholestasis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. TerArkh. 2018;90(2):69–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shipovskaya A.A., Dudanova O. P. Intrahepatic cholestasis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. TerArkh. 2018;90(2):69–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen J., Zhao K. N., Chen C. Th e role of CYP3A4 in the biotransformation of bile acids and therapeutic implication for cholestasis. Ann Transl Med. 2014; 2(1): 7. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2305–5839.2013.03.02.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen J., Zhao K. N., Chen C. Th e role of CYP3A4 in the biotransformation of bile acids and therapeutic implication for cholestasis. Ann Transl Med. 2014; 2(1): 7. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2305–5839.2013.03.02.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woolsey S.J., Mansell S. E., Kim R. B., et al. CYP3A Activity and Expression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Drug MetabDispos. 2015; 43:1484–1490.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woolsey S.J., Mansell S. E., Kim R. B., et al. CYP3A Activity and Expression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Drug MetabDispos. 2015; 43:1484–1490.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu S.Y., Cui S. C., Wang L., et al. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid protects against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis through activation of the Sirt1/FXR signaling pathway. ActaPharmacol Sin. 2018; 39(12): 1865–1873.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu S.Y., Cui S. C., Wang L., et al. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid protects against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis through activation of the Sirt1/FXR signaling pathway. ActaPharmacol Sin. 2018; 39(12): 1865–1873.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan T., Wang H., Cao L., et al. Glycyrrhizin alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via modulating bile acids and meta-inflammation. Drug MetabDispos. 2018; 46(9): 1310–1319. doi: 10.1124/dmd.118.082008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan T., Wang H., Cao L., et al. Glycyrrhizin alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via modulating bile acids and meta-inflammation. Drug MetabDispos. 2018; 46(9): 1310–1319. doi: 10.1124/dmd.118.082008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tu J., He Y., Chen Y., et al. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the activity of CYP3A enzyme in humans. Eur J ClinPharmacol. 2010; 66: 805–810.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tu J., He Y., Chen Y., et al. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the activity of CYP3A enzyme in humans. Eur J ClinPharmacol. 2010; 66: 805–810.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
