<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-183-11-74-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-1480</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метаболический синдром и беременность. Есть ли гастроэнтерологический след?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Metabolic syndrome and pregnancy. Is there a gastroenterological trace?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-6699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванюк</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanyuk</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванюк Елена Сергеевна, к. м. н., преподаватель 2 кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей)</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, улица Академика Лебедева, дом 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Ivanyuk, assistant Professor</p><p>194044, St. Petersburg, Akademika Lebedev street, 6</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gastroperm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-9578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саликова</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salikova</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саликова Светлана Петровна, д. м. н., доцент, доцент 2 кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей)</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, улица Академика Лебедева, дом 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana P. Salikova, doctor of medical Sciences, associate Professor 2 chair (therapy postgraduate doctors)</p><p>194044, St. Petersburg, Akademika Lebedev street, 6</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванюк</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanyuk</surname><given-names>G. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванюк Галина Юрьевна, заведующая женской консультацией Пермского краевого перинатального центра, врачакушер-гинеколог высшей квалификационной категории</p><p>614990, г. Пермь, ул. Пушкина, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina Yu. Ivanyuk, head of the women’s consultation of the Perm regional perinatal center, obstetrician-gynecologist of the highest qualification category</p><p>614990, Perm, Pushkin street, 85</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С. М. Кирова» МО РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Пермского края «Ордена «Знак Почёта» Пермская краевая клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State budgetary healthcare institution of the Perm region “Order of the Badge of Honor” Perm regional clinical hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>183</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванюк Е.С., Саликова С.П., Иванюк Г.Ю., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванюк Е.С., Саликова С.П., Иванюк Г.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanyuk E.S., Salikova S.P., Ivanyuk G.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1480">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1480</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы в патогенезе метаболического синдрома (МС) большое значение придается неалкогольной жировой болезни печени (НАЖБП) и нарушению микробно-тканевого комплекса кишечника. В настоящем обзоре обобщены современные данные о возможных патофизиологических механизмах, связывающих НАЖБП, нарушение микробно-тканевого комплекса кишечника и беременность. Анализируются клинические последствия влияния НАЖБП на беременность, развитие акушерских осложнений и неблагоприятных перинатальных исходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS), great importance has been attached to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and violation of the intestinal microbial-tissue complex. This review summarizes current data on possible pathophysiological mechanisms that link NAFLD, pregnancy, and intestinal microbiota disorders. The clinical consequences of NAFLD inﬂuence on pregnancy and development of obstetric complications and adverse perinatal outcomes are analyzed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболический синдром (МС)</kwd><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>микробно-тканевой комплекс кишечника</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>перинатальные осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolic syndrome (MetS)</kwd><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbial-tissue complex</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>adverse perinatal outcomes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saklayen MG. The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018; 20(2):12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saklayen MG. The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018; 20(2):12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee C, Tsenkova VK, Boylan JM, et al. Gender differences in the pathways from childhood disadvantage to metabolic syndrome in adulthood: An examination of health lifestyles. SSM Popul Health. 2018;4: 216–224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee C, Tsenkova VK, Boylan JM, et al. Gender differences in the pathways from childhood disadvantage to metabolic syndrome in adulthood: An examination of health lifestyles. SSM Popul Health. 2018;4: 216–224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramos RG, Olden K. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among US women of childbearing age. Am J Public Health. 2008; 98(6):1122–1127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramos RG, Olden K. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among US women of childbearing age. Am J Public Health. 2008; 98(6):1122–1127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szostak-Węgierek D, Waśkiewicz A, Piotrowski W, et al. Metabolic syndrome and its components in Polish women of childbearing age: a nationwide study [published correction appears in BMC Public Health. 2017 Sep 22;17 (1):736]. BMC Public Health. 2017;18(1):15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szostak-Węgierek D, Waśkiewicz A, Piotrowski W, et al. Metabolic syndrome and its components in Polish women of childbearing age: a nationwide study [published correction appears in BMC Public Health. 2017 Sep 22;17 (1):736]. BMC Public Health. 2017;18(1):15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tavares HP, Arantes MA, Tavares SB, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Pregnancy, Its Prevalence, Obstetrical and Newborns Complications. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015; 5(11) 618–625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tavares HP, Arantes MA, Tavares SB, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Pregnancy, Its Prevalence, Obstetrical and Newborns Complications. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015; 5(11) 618–625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dorobantu M, Onciul S, Tautu OF, et al. Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease in Women. Curr Pharm Des. 2016; 22(25):3885–3892.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorobantu M, Onciul S, Tautu OF, et al. Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease in Women. Curr Pharm Des. 2016; 22(25):3885–3892.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саликова С. П. Аритмии у беременных: клиника, диагностика, лечение: автореферат дис. … кандидата медицинских наук. – Оренбург, 1996. – 15 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salikova S. P. Arrhythmias in pregnancy: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment: author’s abstract of dis. … candidate of medical Sciences. Orenburg, 1996. 15 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendrick DL, Diehl AM, Topor LS, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases: From the Bench to the Clinic. Toxicol Sci. 2018;162(1):36–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendrick DL, Diehl AM, Topor LS, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases: From the Bench to the Clinic. Toxicol Sci. 2018;162(1):36–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santangeli L, Sattar N, Huda SS. Impact of maternal obesity on perinatal and childhood outcomes. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015; 29(3):438–448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santangeli L, Sattar N, Huda SS. Impact of maternal obesity on perinatal and childhood outcomes. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015; 29(3):438–448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Winhofer-Stöckl Y, et al. Gestations diabetes (GDM) (Update 2019). Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2019;131(Suppl 1):91–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Winhofer-Stöckl Y, et al. Gestations diabetes (GDM) (Update 2019). Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2019;131(Suppl 1):91–102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grieger JA, Bianco-Miotto T, Grzeskowiak LE, et al. Metabolic syndrome in pregnancy and risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A prospective cohort of nulliparous women. PLoS Med. 2018;15(12): e1002710.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grieger JA, Bianco-Miotto T, Grzeskowiak LE, et al. Metabolic syndrome in pregnancy and risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A prospective cohort of nulliparous women. PLoS Med. 2018;15(12): e1002710.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хромылев А. В. Метаболический синдром и беременность. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2014;(2): 3–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khromylev A. V. Metabolic syndrome and pregnancy. Obesity and metabolism. 2014;(2): 3–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хромылев А. В., Макацария А. Д. Патогенетические механизмы тромбоэмболических осложнений метаболического синдрома у беременных. Акушерство, гинекология и репродукция. 2014;1:68–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khromylev A. V., Makatsaria A. D. Pathogenetic mechanisms of thromboembolic complications of metabolic syndrome in pregnant women. Obstetrics, gynecology and reproduction. 2014;1:68–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Napso T, Yong HEJ, Lopez-Tello J, et al. The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation. Front Physiol. 2018; 9:1091.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Napso T, Yong HEJ, Lopez-Tello J, et al. The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation. Front Physiol. 2018; 9:1091.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шварц В. Я. Воспаление жировой ткани (часть 5). Взаимосвязь с физиологической инсулинорезистентностью. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2011;6, 64–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvartz V. Ya. Inflammation of adipose tissue (part 5). Relationship with physiological insulin resistance. Problems of endocrinology. 2011;6: 64–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng C, Wei H, Yu H, et al. Metabolic Syndrome During Perinatal Period in Sows and the Link With Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng C, Wei H, Yu H, et al. Metabolic Syndrome During Perinatal Period in Sows and the Link With Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kong XF, Ji YJ, Li HW, et al. Colonic luminal microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition in pregnant Huanjiang mini-pigs: effects of food composition at different times of pregnancy. Sci Rep. 2016;6:37224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kong XF, Ji YJ, Li HW, et al. Colonic luminal microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition in pregnant Huanjiang mini-pigs: effects of food composition at different times of pregnancy. Sci Rep. 2016;6:37224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salzer L, Tenenbaum-Gavish K, Hod M. Metabolic disorder of pregnancy (understanding pathophysiology of diabetes and preeclampsia). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29(3):328–338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salzer L, Tenenbaum-Gavish K, Hod M. Metabolic disorder of pregnancy (understanding pathophysiology of diabetes and preeclampsia). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29(3):328–338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chassaing B, Gewirtz AT. Gut microbiota, low-grade infl ammation, and metabolic syndrome. Toxicologic Pathology. 2014; 42:49–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chassaing B, Gewirtz AT. Gut microbiota, low-grade infl ammation, and metabolic syndrome. Toxicologic Pathology. 2014; 42:49–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collado MC, Isolauri E, Laitinen K, et al. Distinct composition of gut microbiota during pregnancy in overweight and normal-weight women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008; 88:894–899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collado MC, Isolauri E, Laitinen K, et al. Distinct composition of gut microbiota during pregnancy in overweight and normal-weight women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008; 88:894–899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santacruz A, Collado MC, Garcia-Valdes L, et al. Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women. The British Journal of Nutrition. 2010; 104:83–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santacruz A, Collado MC, Garcia-Valdes L, et al. Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women. The British Journal of Nutrition. 2010; 104:83–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cani PD, Osto M, Geurts L, et al. Involvement of gut microbiota in the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. Gut microbes. 2012; 3:279–288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cani PD, Osto M, Geurts L, et al. Involvement of gut microbiota in the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. Gut microbes. 2012; 3:279–288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards SM, Cunningham SA, Dunlop AL, Corwin EJ. The Maternal Gut Microbiome During Pregnancy. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2017;42(6):310–317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards SM, Cunningham SA, Dunlop AL, Corwin EJ. The Maternal Gut Microbiome During Pregnancy. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2017;42(6):310–317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hershman M, Mei R, Kushner T. Implications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on pregnancy and maternal and child outcomes. Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY). 2019; 15:221–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hershman M, Mei R, Kushner T. Implications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on pregnancy and maternal and child outcomes. Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY). 2019; 15:221–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64:73–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64:73–84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yki-Jarvinen H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014; 2:901–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yki-Jarvinen H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a cause and a consequence of metabolic syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014; 2:901–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azzaroli F, Mazzella G, Marchesini G, et al. Fatty liver in pregnancy: a narrative review of two distinct conditions. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;14(2):127–135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azzaroli F, Mazzella G, Marchesini G, et al. Fatty liver in pregnancy: a narrative review of two distinct conditions. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;14(2):127–135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Westbrook RH, Dusheiko G, Williamson C. Pregnancy and liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64:933–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Westbrook RH, Dusheiko G, Williamson C. Pregnancy and liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64:933–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Romero CS, Guzman C, Cervantes A, et al. Liver disease in pregnancy: Medical aspects and their implications for mother and child. Ann Hepatol. 2019; 18:553–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Romero CS, Guzman C, Cervantes A, et al. Liver disease in pregnancy: Medical aspects and their implications for mother and child. Ann Hepatol. 2019; 18:553–62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stupin JH, Arabin B. Overweight and Obesity before, during and after Pregnancy: Part 1: Pathophysiology, Molecular Biology and Epigenetic Consequences. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2014;74(7):639–645.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stupin JH, Arabin B. Overweight and Obesity before, during and after Pregnancy: Part 1: Pathophysiology, Molecular Biology and Epigenetic Consequences. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2014;74(7):639–645.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reynolds RM, Allan KM, Raja EA et al. Maternal obesity during pregnancy and premature mortality from cardiovascular event in adult off spring: follow-up of 1323275 person years. BMJ 2013; 347: f4539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reynolds RM, Allan KM, Raja EA et al. Maternal obesity during pregnancy and premature mortality from cardiovascular event in adult off spring: follow-up of 1323275 person years. BMJ 2013; 347: f4539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salem SY, Kessous R, Pariente G et al. Obesity in pregnancy: whats next? Long-term cardiovascular morbidity in a follow-up period of more than a decade. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 210 (1. Suppl.): S45, S68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salem SY, Kessous R, Pariente G et al. Obesity in pregnancy: whats next? Long-term cardiovascular morbidity in a follow-up period of more than a decade. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 210 (1. Suppl.): S45, S68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herath RP, Siriwardana SR, Ekanayake CD, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and pregnancy complications among Sri Lankan women: A cross sectional analytical study. PLoS One. 2019;14(4): e0215326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herath RP, Siriwardana SR, Ekanayake CD, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and pregnancy complications among Sri Lankan women: A cross sectional analytical study. PLoS One. 2019;14(4): e0215326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martino J, Sebert S, Segura MT, et al. Maternal Body Weight and Gestational Diabetes Differentially Influence Placental and Pregnancy Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(1):59–68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martino J, Sebert S, Segura MT, et al. Maternal Body Weight and Gestational Diabetes Differentially Influence Placental and Pregnancy Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(1):59–68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pantham P, Aye IL, Powell TL. Inflammation in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta. 2015;36(7):709–715.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pantham P, Aye IL, Powell TL. Inflammation in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta. 2015;36(7):709–715.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Challier JC, Basu S, Bintein T, et al. Obesity in pregnancy stimulates macrophage accumulation and inflammation in the placenta. Placenta. 2008;29(3):274–281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Challier JC, Basu S, Bintein T, et al. Obesity in pregnancy stimulates macrophage accumulation and inflammation in the placenta. Placenta. 2008;29(3):274–281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramsay JE, Ferrell WR, Crawford L, et al. Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory pathways. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87(9):4231–4237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramsay JE, Ferrell WR, Crawford L, et al. Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory pathways. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87(9):4231–4237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basu S, Haghiac M, Surace P, et al. Pregravid obesity associates with increased maternal endotoxemia and metabolic infl ammation. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(3):476–482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basu S, Haghiac M, Surace P, et al. Pregravid obesity associates with increased maternal endotoxemia and metabolic infl ammation. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(3):476–482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarkar M, Grab J, Dodge JL, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. J Hepatol. 2020; S0168–8278(20)30215–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarkar M, Grab J, Dodge JL, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. J Hepatol. 2020; S0168–8278(20)30215–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров И.О., Боровкова Е. И., Казаков Р. Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени у беременных с ожирением «Акушерство, гинекология, репродукция», 2012, т. 6, № 4. с. 18–21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov I. O., Borovkova E. I., Kazakov R. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese pregnant women “Obstetrics, gynecology, reproduction”, 2012, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 18–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou M-S, Schulman IH, Zeng Q. Link between the reninangiotensin system and insulin resistance: implications for cardiovascular disease. Vasc Med 2012;17(5):330–341.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou M-S, Schulman IH, Zeng Q. Link between the reninangiotensin system and insulin resistance: implications for cardiovascular disease. Vasc Med 2012;17(5):330–341.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park MJ, Lee DH, Joo BS, et al. Leptin, leptin receptors and hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression in the placental bed of patients with and without preeclampsia during pregnancy. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(4):5292–5299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park MJ, Lee DH, Joo BS, et al. Leptin, leptin receptors and hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression in the placental bed of patients with and without preeclampsia during pregnancy. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(4):5292–5299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pérez-Pérez A, Toro A, Vilariño-García T, et al. Leptin action in normal and pathological pregnancies. J Cell Mol Med. 2018;22(2):716–727.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pérez-Pérez A, Toro A, Vilariño-García T, et al. Leptin action in normal and pathological pregnancies. J Cell Mol Med. 2018;22(2):716–727.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Th agaard IN, Hedley PL, Holm JC, et al. Leptin and Adiponectin as markers for preeclampsia in obese pregnant women, a cohort study. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2019;15:78–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Th agaard IN, Hedley PL, Holm JC, et al. Leptin and Adiponectin as markers for preeclampsia in obese pregnant women, a cohort study. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2019;15:78–83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagström H, Höijer J, Ludvigsson JF, et al. Adverse outcomes of pregnancy in women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int. 2016;36(2):268–274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagström H, Höijer J, Ludvigsson JF, et al. Adverse outcomes of pregnancy in women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int. 2016;36(2):268–274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">You S, Cui AM, Hashmi SF, et al. Dysregulation of bile acids increases the risk for preterm birth in pregnant women. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">You S, Cui AM, Hashmi SF, et al. Dysregulation of bile acids increases the risk for preterm birth in pregnant women. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lavery JA, Friedman AM, Keyes KM, et al. Gestational diabetes in the United States: temporal changes in prevalence rates between 1979 and 2010. BJOG. 2017;124(5):804–813.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavery JA, Friedman AM, Keyes KM, et al. Gestational diabetes in the United States: temporal changes in prevalence rates between 1979 and 2010. BJOG. 2017;124(5):804–813.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Law KP, Zhang H. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus: Deductions from a three-part longitudinal metabolomics study in China. Clin Chim Acta. 2017;468:60–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Law KP, Zhang H. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus: Deductions from a three-part longitudinal metabolomics study in China. Clin Chim Acta. 2017;468:60–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee SM, Kwak SH, Koo JN, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the fi rst trimester and subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2019;62(2):238–248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee SM, Kwak SH, Koo JN, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the fi rst trimester and subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2019;62(2):238–248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ajmera VH, Gunderson EP, VanWagner LB, Lewis CE, Carr JJ, Terrault NA. Gestational diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(5):658–664.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ajmera VH, Gunderson EP, VanWagner LB, Lewis CE, Carr JJ, Terrault NA. Gestational diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(5):658–664.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao W, Baecker A, Song Y, Kiely M, Liu S, Zhang C. Adipokine levels during the fi rst or early second trimester of pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Metabolism. 2015;64(6):756–764.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao W, Baecker A, Song Y, Kiely M, Liu S, Zhang C. Adipokine levels during the fi rst or early second trimester of pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Metabolism. 2015;64(6):756–764.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
