nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-179-7-118-130nogr-1405Research ArticleЛЕКЦИЯLECTIONВнеклеточные везикулы (экзосомы) и их роль в биологии бактерий и реализации их патогенного потенциалаExtracellular vesicles (exosomes) in prokaryotic organisms: role in their biology and realization of their pathogen potentialhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-6508ШендеровБ. А.ShenderovB. A.

Шендеров Борис Аркадьевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник. ПНИЛ «Конструирование и внедрение продуктов и рационов персонифицированного питания».109004, Земляной вал, д. 73, Москва.

Boris A. Shenderov - PhD, MD, professor, main researcher of Laboratory “Construction and introduction of personalized nutrition”.109004, Zemlyanoi Val. 74, Moscow.SPIN-код: 7566-7706

shenderof@yandex.ruСиницаА. В.SinitsaA. B.

Синица Александр Владимирович - кандидат технических наук.Санкт-Петербург.

Aleksander B. Sinitsa – PhD.St. Petersburg.

ЗахарченкоМ. М.ZakharchenkoM. M.

Захарченко Михаил Михайлович - кандидат медицинских наук, Руководитель отдела развития.Санкт-Петербург.

Mikhail M. Zakharchenko - PhD, Head of Development Department.St. Petersburg.

ТкаченкоЕ. И.TkachenkoE. I.

Ткаченко Евгений Иванович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор 2-я кафедра (терапии усовершенствования врачей).Санкт-Петербург.

Evgeny I. Tkachenko - Doctor of medical sciences, professor, Department of therapy, 2-nd Chair of internal diseases, postgraduate medical education course.St. Petersburg.

Московский государственный университет технологий и управления им. К.Г. Разумовского (Первый казачий университет)РоссияK.G. Razumovsky Moscow state UniversityRussian FederationООО «Крафт»РоссияKraft LLCRussian FederationВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. КироваРоссияS.M. Kirov Military Medical AcademyRussian Federation20202709202007118130Copyright © Шендеров Б.А., Синица А.В., Захарченко М.М., Ткаченко Е.И., 20202020Шендеров Б.А., Синица А.В., Захарченко М.М., Ткаченко Е.И.Shenderov B.A., Sinitsa A.B., Zakharchenko M.M., Tkachenko E.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1405

Продукция экзосомных микровезикулярных структур (ЭМВС) широко распространена у грамотрицательных и грамположительных бактерий. Эти внеклеточные везикулы присутствуют во многих, если не во всех биологических жидкостях и тканях хозяина. Они могут передавать множество различных низкомолекулярных эффекторных и сигнальных молекул (белки, пептиды, коферменты, липиды, метаболиты, ДНК, РНК, токсины и др.) в бактериальные клетки и клетки-хозяина, у которых они могут выполнять важные функции и биохимические реакции, включая межклеточную коммуникацию и регуляцию иммунных ответов. Вовлечение бактериальных ЭМВС в различные биологические функции прокариотических и эукариотических клеток делает их ключевыми игроками, как в физиологических процессах, так и в патологических состояниях. Способность ЭМВС выступать в качестве носителей различных регуляторных и сигнальных молекул открывает возможность их использования в качестве новых биомаркеров заболеваний и в качестве перспективных лекарственных агентов, в том числе, вакцинных препаратов. В представленном обзоре описываются механизмы, с помощью которых бактериальные ЭМВС, могут поддерживать гомеостаз и здоровье хозяина, а также индуцировать у последнего патологические процессы или иммунную толерантность; обсуждается возможность участия этих ЭМВС в инновационных нанобиотехнологиях.

An increasing number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria have been observed to secrete outer- membrane vesicles (OMVs) during their growth both under physiological and pathological conditions in vitro and in vivo. These cell-derived particles are present in many — if not all — physiological fluids. They can convey the multiple various low weight effector and signal molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates) into the bacterial and host cells that have important functions in their intercellular communication and regulation. Involvement of OMVS in the various biological functions of prokariotic and eukaryotic cells make them to be key players in both physiological processes and also in pathological conditions. Additionally, the ability of OMVs to deliver molecules to recipient cell opens the possibility of their use as novel disease biomarkers and as promising drug/therapy agents. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms through which bacterial OMVs can support the host homeostasis and health and induce host pathology or immune tolerance, and discuss the possibility of these OMVs participate in innovative nanobiotechnologies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.