nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-179-7-102-108nogr-1403Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWХирургическое лечение панкреатических псевдокист и подходы к лечению сосудистых осложнений при псевдокистахSurgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts and approaches to the treatment of vascular complications in pseudocysts: literature reviewНустафаевР. С.NustafaevR. S.

Нустафаев Расул Сайдулаевич - кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры УПМВ по медицинскому обеспечению Новосибирское высшее военное командное училище.630117, ул. Иванова, 49, Новосибирск.

Rasul S. Nustafaev - Ph.D., Senior Lecturer.630117, st. Ivanova, 49, Moscow, Novosibirsk.

nustafaev@mail.ruМаргиевВ. Б.MargievV. B.

Маргиев Владислав Батразович - кандидат медицинских наук, начальник госпиталя, филиал № 4.630017, Воинская улица 1, Новосибирск.

Vladislav B. Margiev - candidate of medical sciences, head of the hospital, branch No. 4.630017, Military Street 1, Novosibirsk.

ШтофинГ. С.ShtofinG. S.

Штофин Григорий Сергеевич - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии.ул. Красный проспект, д. 52, Новосибирск, 630091.

Grigory S. Shtofin - Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery.52 Krasny Prospekt str., Novosibirsk, 630091.

ШтофинС. Г.ShtofinS. G.

Штофин Сергей Григорьевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей хирургии.ул. Красный проспект, д. 52, Новосибирск, 630091.

Sergey G. Shtofin, M.D., professor, head of the department of general surgery.52 Krasny Prospekt str., Novosibirsk, 630091.

Новосибирское высшее военное командное училищеРоссияNovosibirsk Higher Military Command SchoolRussian Federation425 военный госпиталь Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия425 Military Hospital of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияNovosibirsk state medical UniversityRussian Federation20202709202007102108Copyright © Нустафаев Р.С., Маргиев В.Б., Штофин Г.С., Штофин С.Г., 20202020Нустафаев Р.С., Маргиев В.Б., Штофин Г.С., Штофин С.Г.Nustafaev R.S., Margiev V.B., Shtofin G.S., Shtofin S.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1403

Лечебная тактика при псевдокистах поджелудочной железы сильно изменилось за последнее десятилетие. В настоящее время за счет бурного развития миниинвазивных технологий, частота их использования в лечении пациентов с псевдокистами получило широкое распространение, вытесняя традиционные методы хирургического лечения. Тем не менее хирургическое лечение псевдокист является оправданным, когда другие способы лечения оказались неэффективными, а именно в случае рецидивирования псевдокист, при подозрении на кистозную неоплазию поджелудочной железы, наличии стеноза холедоха или двенадцатиперстной кишки, а также при осложненных кистах. Целью данной статьи является литературный обзор методов и подходов к хирургическому лечению панкреатических псевдокист, а также лечение сосудистых осложнений при данной патологии.

The therapeutic tactics for pancreatic pseudocysts have changed dramatically over the past decade. Currently, due to the rapid development of minimally invasive technologies, the frequency of their use in the treatment of patients with pseudocysts has become widespread, displacing traditional methods of surgical treatment. Nevertheless, surgical treatment of a pseudocyst is justified when other methods of treatment have been ineffective, namely in the case of recurrence of the pseudocyst, with suspected cystic neoplasia of the pancreas, the presence of stenosis of the common bile duct or duodenum, as well as with complicated cysts. The purpose of this article is a literature review of methods and approaches to the surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts, as well as the treatment of vascular complications in this pathology.

панкреатическая псевдокистахирургическое лечениеосложненияpancreatic pseudocystsurgical treatmentcomplicationsReferencesМерзликин Н.В., След Н. Ю., Попов А. Е., и др. Хирургические методы лечения больных со сформированными панкреатическими кистами. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2015;14(2): 20-28Merzlikin N. V., Sled N. Y., Popov A. Y. et al. Surgical methods of treatment of patients with formed pancreatic cysts. Bulletin of Siberian Medicine. 2015;14(2):20-28. (In Russ.)Кошель А.П., Клоков С. С., Дроздов Е. С., Красноперов А. В., Дибина Т. В., Рудая Н. С. Кисты поджелудочной железы: лечение (обзор литературы). Вестник Клуба панкреотологов.2015; 4: 39-45A. P. Koshel, S. S. Klokov, E. S. Drozdov, et al. Pancreatic cysts: treatment (literature review). Herald of Pancreatic Club. 2015;4:39-45. (In Russ.)Винокуров М.М., Савельев В. В., Гоголев Н. М. и др. Органные и внеорганные псевдокисты поджелудочной железы. Клинические особенности течения. Опыт и результаты хирургического лечения. Якутский медицинский журнал. 2015; 1: 45-49Vinokurov M. M., Savelyev V. V., Gogolev N. M. et al. Organic and extraorganic pancreatic pseudocysts. Clinical features of the current. An experience and results of surgical treatment.Yakut Medical Journal. 2015; 1: 45-49. (In Russ.)Li JY, Yu T, Chen GC, Yuan YH. et al. Enteral nutrition within 48 hours of admission improves clinical outcomes of acute pancreatitis by reducing complications: a me-ta-analysis. PloS one. 2013;.8(6): e64926Li JY, Yu T, Chen GC, Yuan YH. et al. Enteral nutrition within 48 hours of admission improves clinical outcomes of acute pancreatitis by reducing complications: a me-ta-analysis. PloS one. 2013;.8(6): e64926Криворучко И. В. Дифференцированный подход к выбору метода лечения псевдокист поджелудочной железы. Клiнiчна хiрургiя. 2013;7: 16-19Krivoruchko I. V. A differentiated approach to the choice of treatment method for pancreatic pseudocyst. Klinichna hirurgiya. 2013; 7: 16-19. (In Russ.)Быкова Ю.Ф., Соловьев М. М., Мерзликин Н. В. и др. Хирургическое лечение псевдокист поджелудочной железы. Анналы хирургической гепатологии. 2017; 21(4): 100-107Bykova Y. F., Solov'ev M.M., Merzlikin N. V. et al. Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Pseudocysts. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery. 2016;21(4):100-107. (In Russ.)Kemper M., Izbicki J. R., Bachmann K. Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis: the state of the art. Herald of Pancreatic Club. 2019; 43(2): 25-31Kemper M., Izbicki J. R., Bachmann K. Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis: the state of the art. Herald of Pancreatic Club. 2019; 43(2): 25-31Шабунин А.В., Бедин В. В., Коржева И. Ю. и др. Современные подходы к лечению больных хроническим панкреатитом, осложненным псевдокистами поджелудочной железы. Анналы хирургической гепатологии. 2017; 22(4): 31-38Shabunin A. V., Bedin V V, Korzheva I. Y. et al. Modern Approaches to the Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis Complicated by Pancreatic Pseudocysts. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery. 2017;22(4):31-38. (In Russ.)Nealon W. H., Walser E. Surgical management of complications associated with percutaneous and/or endoscopic management of pseudocyst of the pancreas. Annals of surgery. 2005; 241(6): 948-960Nealon W. H., Walser E. Surgical management of complications associated with percutaneous and/or endoscopic management of pseudocyst of the pancreas. Annals of surgery. 2005; 241(6): 948-960Быкова Ю. Ф., Дамбаев Г. Ц., Соловьёв М. М. Способ лечения псевдокист поджелудочной железы с использованием конструкции из материала с памятью формы. Acta Biomedica Scientifi ca. 2015; 2(102): 128-130Bykova Y. F., Dambaev G. T., Solovyov M. M. Method for the treatment of pseudocyst of the pancreas using a structure made of a material with shape memory. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2015; 2 (102): 128-130. (In Russ.)Полуэктов В. Л., Морозов С. В., Долгих В. Т. и др. Способ оперативного лечения постнекротических кист поджелудочной железы. Вестник хирургии имени ИИ Грекова. 2016; 175(2): 87-89Poluektov V. L., Morozov S. V., Dolgikh V. T. et al. Method of operative treatment of postnecrotic cysts of the pancreas. Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery. 2016;175(2):87-89. (In Russ.)Way L. W. Laparoscopic pancreatic cystgastrostomy: the first operation in the new field of intraluminal laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc. 1994. 8: 235Way L. W. Laparoscopic pancreatic cystgastrostomy: the first operation in the new field of intraluminal laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc. 1994. 8: 235Hamza N., Ammori B. J. Laparoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: a methodological approach. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2010; 14(1): 148-155Hamza N., Ammori B. J. Laparoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: a methodological approach. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2010; 14(1): 148-155Beuran M, Negoi I, Catena F. et al. Laparoscopic trans-gastric versus endoscopic drainage of a large pancreatic pseudocyst. A case report. Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. 2016; 25(2): 243-247Beuran M, Negoi I, Catena F. et al. Laparoscopic trans-gastric versus endoscopic drainage of a large pancreatic pseudocyst. A case report. Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. 2016; 25(2): 243-247Sia GB, Soares PFDC, Gestic MA. et al. Surgical management of cystic lesions of the pancreas: a single-centre experience. Arquivos de gastroenterologia. 2018; 55(4): 412-416Sia GB, Soares PFDC, Gestic MA. et al. Surgical management of cystic lesions of the pancreas: a single-centre experience. Arquivos de gastroenterologia. 2018; 55(4): 412-416Park AE., Heniford BT. Therapeutic laparoscopy of the pancreas. Annals of surgery. 2002; 236(2): 149-158Park AE., Heniford BT. Therapeutic laparoscopy of the pancreas. Annals of surgery. 2002; 236(2): 149-158Palanivelu C, Senthilkumar K, Madhankumar MV. et al. Management of pancreatic pseudocyst in the era of laparoscopic surgery-experience from a tertiary centre. Surgical endoscopy. 2007; 21(12): 2262-2267Palanivelu C, Senthilkumar K, Madhankumar MV. et al. Management of pancreatic pseudocyst in the era of laparoscopic surgery-experience from a tertiary centre. Surgical endoscopy. 2007; 21(12): 2262-2267Khaled YS, Malde DJ, Packer J. et al. Laparoscopic versus open cystgastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocysts: a case-matched comparative study. Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences. 2014; 21(11): 818-823Khaled YS, Malde DJ, Packer J. et al. Laparoscopic versus open cystgastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocysts: a case-matched comparative study. Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences. 2014; 21(11): 818-823Aljarabah M., Ammori B. J. Laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches for drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: a systematic review of published series. Surgical endoscopy. -2007; 21(11): 1936-1944Aljarabah M., Ammori B. J. Laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches for drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: a systematic review of published series. Surgical endoscopy. -2007; 21(11): 1936-1944Melman L, Azar R, Beddow K. et al. Primary and overall success rates for clinical outcomes after laparoscopic, endoscopic, and open pancreatic cystgastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocysts. Surgical endoscopy. 2009; 23(2): 267-271Melman L, Azar R, Beddow K. et al. Primary and overall success rates for clinical outcomes after laparoscopic, endoscopic, and open pancreatic cystgastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocysts. Surgical endoscopy. 2009; 23(2): 267-271Johnson MD, Walsh RM, Henderson JM. et al. Surgical versus nonsurgical management of pancreatic pseudocysts. Journal of clinical gastroenterology. 2009; 43(6): 586-590Johnson MD, Walsh RM, Henderson JM. et al. Surgical versus nonsurgical management of pancreatic pseudocysts. Journal of clinical gastroenterology. 2009; 43(6): 586-590Varadarajulu S, Bang JY, Sutton BS, Trevino JM, Christein JD, Wilcox CM. Equal efficacy of endoscopic and surgical cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst drainage in a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2013; 145(3): 583-590Varadarajulu S, Bang JY, Sutton BS, Trevino JM, Christein JD, Wilcox CM. Equal efficacy of endoscopic and surgical cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst drainage in a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2013; 145(3): 583-590Garg PK, Meena D, Babu D. et al. Endoscopic versus laparoscopic drainage of pseudocyst and walled-off necrosis following acute pancreatitis: a randomized trial. Surg Endosc. 2020; 34(3):1157-1166Garg PK, Meena D, Babu D. et al. Endoscopic versus laparoscopic drainage of pseudocyst and walled-off necrosis following acute pancreatitis: a randomized trial. Surg Endosc. 2020; 34(3):1157-1166Farias GFA, Bernardo WM, De Moura DTH. et al. Endoscopic versus surgical treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2019; 98(8): e14255Farias GFA, Bernardo WM, De Moura DTH. et al. Endoscopic versus surgical treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2019; 98(8): e14255Bartos D., Bartos A. Endoscopy-assisted, single trans-gas-tric trocar, laparoscopic pseudocysto-gastrostomy A minimally invasive alternative for drainage of large pseudocysts. Annali italiani di chirurgia. 2020;91:112-115Bartos D., Bartos A. Endoscopy-assisted, single trans-gas-tric trocar, laparoscopic pseudocysto-gastrostomy A minimally invasive alternative for drainage of large pseudocysts. Annali italiani di chirurgia. 2020;91:112-115Wang Y, Omar YA, Agrawal R, Gong Z. Comparison of treatment modalities in pancreatic pseudocyst: A population based study. World journal of gastrointestinal surgery. 2019; 11(9): 365-372Wang Y, Omar YA, Agrawal R, Gong Z. Comparison of treatment modalities in pancreatic pseudocyst: A population based study. World journal of gastrointestinal surgery. 2019; 11(9): 365-372Tao LY, Chen Q, Xiu DR, Yuan CH. Laparoscopic treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts. Chinese journal of surgery. 2018; 56(4): 265-268Tao LY, Chen Q, Xiu DR, Yuan CH. Laparoscopic treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts. Chinese journal of surgery. 2018; 56(4): 265-268Gou SM, Wu HS, Zhang YS. et al. Changes of surgical interventions on necrotizing pancreatitis. Chinese journal of surgery. 2019; 57(10): 14-18Gou SM, Wu HS, Zhang YS. et al. Changes of surgical interventions on necrotizing pancreatitis. Chinese journal of surgery. 2019; 57(10): 14-18Rosenfeld EH, Vogel AM, Jafri M. et al. Management and outcomes of peripancreatic fluid collections and pseudocysts following non-operative management of pancreatic injuries in children. Pediatric surgery international. 2019; 35(8):861-867Rosenfeld EH, Vogel AM, Jafri M. et al. Management and outcomes of peripancreatic fluid collections and pseudocysts following non-operative management of pancreatic injuries in children. Pediatric surgery international. 2019; 35(8):861-867Zhao X., Feng T., Ji W. Endoscopic versus surgical treatment for pancreatic pseudocyst. Digestive Endoscopy. 2016; 28(1): 83-91Zhao X., Feng T., Ji W. Endoscopic versus surgical treatment for pancreatic pseudocyst. Digestive Endoscopy. 2016; 28(1): 83-91Redwan A. A., Hamad M. A., Omar M. A. Pancreatic pseudocyst dilemma: cumulative multicenter experience in management using endoscopy, laparoscopy, and open surgery. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. 2017; 27(10): 1022-1030Redwan A. A., Hamad M. A., Omar M. A. Pancreatic pseudocyst dilemma: cumulative multicenter experience in management using endoscopy, laparoscopy, and open surgery. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. 2017; 27(10): 1022-1030Lohr JM, Dominguez-MunozE, RosendahlJ. et al. United European Gastroenterology evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis (HaPanEU). United European gastroenterology journal. 2017; 5(2): 153-199Lohr JM, Dominguez-MunozE, RosendahlJ. et al. United European Gastroenterology evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis (HaPanEU). United European gastroenterology journal. 2017; 5(2): 153-199Usatoff V., Brancatisano R., Williamson R. C. N. Operative treatment of pseudocysts in patients with chronic pancreatitis. British journal of surgery. 2000; 87(11): 1494-1499Usatoff V., Brancatisano R., Williamson R. C. N. Operative treatment of pseudocysts in patients with chronic pancreatitis. British journal of surgery. 2000; 87(11): 1494-1499Schlosser W., Siech M., Beger H. G. Pseudocyst treatment in chronic pancreatitis-surgical treatment of the underlying disease increases the long-term success. Digestive surgery. 2005; 22(5): 340-345Schlosser W., Siech M., Beger H. G. Pseudocyst treatment in chronic pancreatitis-surgical treatment of the underlying disease increases the long-term success. Digestive surgery. 2005; 22(5): 340-345Nealon W. H., Walser E. Duct drainage alone is sufficient in the operative management of pancreatic pseudocyst in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Annals of surgery. 2003; 237(5): 614-620Nealon W. H., Walser E. Duct drainage alone is sufficient in the operative management of pancreatic pseudocyst in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Annals of surgery. 2003; 237(5): 614-620Криворучко И. А., Перерва Л. А., Гончарова Н. Н., Тарабан И. А. Современные подходы к лечению осложненных псевдокист поджелудочной железы II типа. Новости хирургии.2017; 25(5): 459-466Krivoruchko I. A., Pererva L. A., Goncharova N. N., Taraban I. A. Modern approaches to the treatment of complicated pseudocysts of the pancreas type II. Surgery News. 2017; 25 (5): 459-466. (In Russ.)Халтурин И. В., Сергеев С. А., Ахметзянов Р. Г. Успешный результат лечения пациента с ложной аневризмой селезеночной артерии, осложненной кровотечением в псевдокисту поджелудочной железы. Патология кровообращения и кардиохирургия. 2017; 21(4): 92-96Khalturin I. V., Sergeev S. A., Akhmetzyanov R. G. A successful treatment outcome for a patient with false splenic artery aneurysm complicated by bleeding in the pseudocyst of the pancreas. Circulatory pathology and cardiac surgery. 2017; 21 (4): 92-96. (In Russ.)Phillip V, Braren R, Lukas N. et al. Arterial Pseudoaneurysm within a Pancreatic Pseudocyst. Case reports in gastroenterology. 2018; 12(2): 513-518Phillip V, Braren R, Lukas N. et al. Arterial Pseudoaneurysm within a Pancreatic Pseudocyst. Case reports in gastroenterology. 2018; 12(2): 513-518Ryu K, Hong SS, Cha H. et al. A pancreatic hemorrhagic pseudocyst with pseudoaneurysm and the role of doppler ultrasonography: a case report. Revista da Associagdo Medica Brasileira. 2019; 65(2): 123-126Ryu K, Hong SS, Cha H. et al. A pancreatic hemorrhagic pseudocyst with pseudoaneurysm and the role of doppler ultrasonography: a case report. Revista da Associagdo Medica Brasileira. 2019; 65(2): 123-126Авдосьев Ю. В., Белозеров И. В., Кудревич А. Н. Эндоваскулярные методы диагностики и лечения острых кровотечений в просвет желудочно-кишечного тракта. Новости хирургии. 2018; 26(2): 169-178Avdosiev Yu. V., Belozerov I. V., Kudrevich A. N. Endovascular methods for the diagnosis and treatment of acute bleeding into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Surgery News. 2018; 26 (2): 169-178. (In Russ.)Varrassi M, Izzo A, Carducci S. et al. Acute-phase endovascular management of an uncommon bleeding peripancreatic pseudoaneurysm. Journal of radiology case reports. 2018; 12(5): 12-18Varrassi M, Izzo A, Carducci S. et al. Acute-phase endovascular management of an uncommon bleeding peripancreatic pseudoaneurysm. Journal of radiology case reports. 2018; 12(5): 12-18Larrey Ruiz L, Lujdn Sanchis M, Peno Munoz L. et al. Pseudoaneurysm associated with complicated pancreatic pseudocysts. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig. 2016; 108(9): 583-585Larrey Ruiz L, Lujdn Sanchis M, Peno Munoz L. et al. Pseudoaneurysm associated with complicated pancreatic pseudocysts. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig. 2016; 108(9): 583-585Chiang K. C., Chen T. H., Hsu J. T. Management of chronic pancreatitis complicated with a bleeding pseudoaneurysm. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG. 2014; 20(43): 16132-16137Chiang K. C., Chen T. H., Hsu J. T. Management of chronic pancreatitis complicated with a bleeding pseudoaneurysm. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG. 2014; 20(43): 16132-16137Kikuchi M, Nishizaki Y, Tsuruya K. et al. Acute portal vein thrombosis due to chronic relapsing pancreatitis: a fistula between a pancreatic pseudocyst and the splenic vein. Clinical journal of gastroenterology. 2014; 7(1): 52-57Kikuchi M, Nishizaki Y, Tsuruya K. et al. Acute portal vein thrombosis due to chronic relapsing pancreatitis: a fistula between a pancreatic pseudocyst and the splenic vein. Clinical journal of gastroenterology. 2014; 7(1): 52-57Harris S, Nadkarni NA, Naina HV, Vege SS. Splanchnic vein thrombosis in acute pancreatitis: a single-center experience. Pancreas. 2013; 42(8): 1251-1254Harris S, Nadkarni NA, Naina HV, Vege SS. Splanchnic vein thrombosis in acute pancreatitis: a single-center experience. Pancreas. 2013; 42(8): 1251-1254Heider TR, Azeem S, Galanko JA, Behrns KE. The natural history of pancreatitis-induced splenic vein thrombosis. Annals of surgery. 2004; 239(6): 876-880Heider TR, Azeem S, Galanko JA, Behrns KE. The natural history of pancreatitis-induced splenic vein thrombosis. Annals of surgery. 2004; 239(6): 876-880Hatamori H, Wada M, Taniguchi Y, Inokuma T. Pancreatic pseudocyst localized in the gastric wall after EUS-guided FNA of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2017; 86(5): 919-921Hatamori H, Wada M, Taniguchi Y, Inokuma T. Pancreatic pseudocyst localized in the gastric wall after EUS-guided FNA of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2017; 86(5): 919-921Franco-Aviles L, Herndndez-Rocha FI, Mercado U, Malvido-Torres CG. Segmental portal hypertension with splenic vein thrombosis caused by pancreatitis. Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. 2018; 55(6): 788-790Franco-Aviles L, Herndndez-Rocha FI, Mercado U, Malvido-Torres CG. Segmental portal hypertension with splenic vein thrombosis caused by pancreatitis. Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. 2018; 55(6): 788-790Makary MS, Gayou EL, Kyrouac D, Shah ZK. Pancreaticoportal Fistula Formation as a Consequence of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: Clinical and Imaging Considerations. Journal of clinical imaging science. 2018; 8:4Makary MS, Gayou EL, Kyrouac D, Shah ZK. Pancreaticoportal Fistula Formation as a Consequence of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: Clinical and Imaging Considerations. Journal of clinical imaging science. 2018; 8:4Alessandrino F, Strickland C, Mojtahed A. et al. Clinical and cross-sectional imaging features of spontaneous pancreatic pseudocyst-portal vein fistula. Clinical imaging. 2017; 44: 22-26Alessandrino F, Strickland C, Mojtahed A. et al. Clinical and cross-sectional imaging features of spontaneous pancreatic pseudocyst-portal vein fistula. Clinical imaging. 2017; 44: 22-26Ng TS, Rochefort H, Czaplicki C. et al. Massive pancreatic pseudocyst with portal vein fistula: case report and proposed treatment algorithm. Pancreatology. 2015; 15(1): 88-93Ng TS, Rochefort H, Czaplicki C. et al. Massive pancreatic pseudocyst with portal vein fistula: case report and proposed treatment algorithm. Pancreatology. 2015; 15(1): 88-93Atkins N. K., Kramer B. M., Kitley C. A. Transcatheter embolization of anticoagulation related pancreatic pseudocyst hemorrhage: A case report. Radiology case reports. 2019; 14(10): 1202-1208Atkins N. K., Kramer B. M., Kitley C. A. Transcatheter embolization of anticoagulation related pancreatic pseudocyst hemorrhage: A case report. Radiology case reports. 2019; 14(10): 1202-1208

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.