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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-175-3-10-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-1282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ НОГР (Научного общества гастроэнтерологов России) и РМНОТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PHYSICIANS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Запоры у взрослых</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Constipation in adults</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазебник</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazebnik</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лазебник Леонид Борисович, вице-президент РНМОТ, Президент НОГР, д. м. н., профессор, профессор кафедры поликлинической терапии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid B. Lazebnik, Vice-President of RSMSIM, President of the GSSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of polyclinic therapy</p><p>127473, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Leonid.BorisL@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туркина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turkina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Туркина Светлана Владимировна, д. м. н., профессор кафедры внутренних болезней педиатрического и стоматологического факультетов</p><p>г. Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Turkina, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Pediatric and Dental Faculties</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голованова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovanova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голованова Елена Владимировна, д. м. н., профессор кафедры поликлинической терапии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Golovanova, MD, professor of the department of polyclinic therapy</p><p>127473, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ардатская</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ardatskaya</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ардатская Мария Дмитриевна, д. м. н., профессор кафедры гастроэнтерологии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya D. Ardatskaya, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроумова Ольга Дмитриевна,  д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой терапии и полиморбидной патологии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga D. Ostroumova, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссаренко</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarenko</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комиссаренко Ирина Арсеньевна, д. м. н., профессор кафедры поликлинической терапии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Komissarenko, MD, professor of the department of polyclinic therapy</p><p>127473, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корочанская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korochanskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корочанская Наталья Всеволодовна, д. м. н., профессор, профессор кафедры хирургии № 3 ФПК и ППС</p><p>г. Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya V. Korochanskaya, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Surgery No. 3</p><p>350001, Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлова Ирина Вадимовна, д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой терапии, гастроэнтерологии и пульмонологии</p><p>г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Kozlova, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head Department of Therapy, Gastroenterology and Pulmonology</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенский</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspensky</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Успенский Юрий Павлович, д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой факультетской терапии имени профессора В. А. Вальдмана; главный внештатный гатроэнтеролог Санкт-Петербурга</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy P. Uspensky, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head Department of Faculty Therapy named after Professor V. A. Waldman; Chief Freelance Gatroenterologist of St. Petersburg</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоминых</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fominykh</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фоминых Юлия Александровна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры внутренних болезней стоматологического факультета</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya A. Fominykh, Candidate of Medical Science, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левченко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levchenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левченко Светлана Владимировна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры поликлинической терапии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Levchenko, Ph.D., associate professor of the department of polyclinic therapy</p><p>127473, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лоранская</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loranskaya</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лоранская Ирина Дмитриевна, д. м. н., профессор, декан терапевтического факультета и зав. кафедрой гастроэнтерологии</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina D. Loranskaya, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Head. Department of Gastroenterology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткаченко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткаченко Евгений Иванович, д. м. н., профессор, заслуженный деятель России, заслуженный врач России, профессор кафедры терапии усовершенствования врачей № 2</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny I. Tkachenko, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Honored Worker of Russia, Honored Doctor of Russia, Professor, Department of Therapy of Advanced Medical Doctors No. 2</p><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg, Kirochnaya Str. 41</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситкин</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitkin</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ситкин Станислав Игоревич, к. м. н., доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и диетологии имени С. М. Рысса</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav I. Sitkin, Candidate of Medical Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics named after S. M. Ryss</p><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg, Kirochnaya Str. 41</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакулин Игорь Геннадьевич, д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и диетологии имени С. М. Рысса</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor G. Bakulin, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics named after S. M. Ryss</p><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg, Kirochnaya Str. 41</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакулина Наталья Валерьевна, д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой внутренних болезней, клинической фармакологии и нефрологии</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya V. Bakulina, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Nephrology</p><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg, Kirochnaya Str. 41</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шемеровский</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shemerovsky</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шемеровский Константин Александрович, д. м. н., профессор, зав. отделом физиологии висцеральных систем им. К. М. Быкова</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Shemerovsky, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head Department of Physiology of Visceral Systems K. M. Bykova</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медицинский стоматологический университет им. А. И. Евдокимова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A. I. Evdokimov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Center of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр» ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава РФ; ООО «Российская ассоциация геронтологов и гериатров»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology (RCRCG) of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; All-Russia public organization “Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatrics”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В. И. Разумовского» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“Saratov State Medical University n. a. V. I. Razumovsky”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет (СПбГПМУ)» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“North-West State Medical University n. a. I. I. Mechnikov”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лазебник Л.Б., Туркина С.В., Голованова Е.В., Ардатская М.Д., Остроумова О.Д., Комиссаренко И.А., Корочанская Н.В., Козлова И.В., Успенский Ю.П., Фоминых Ю.А., Левченко С.В., Лоранская И.Д., Ткаченко Е.И., Ситкин С.И., Бакулин И.Г., Бакулина Н.В., Шемеровский К.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лазебник Л.Б., Туркина С.В., Голованова Е.В., Ардатская М.Д., Остроумова О.Д., Комиссаренко И.А., Корочанская Н.В., Козлова И.В., Успенский Ю.П., Фоминых Ю.А., Левченко С.В., Лоранская И.Д., Ткаченко Е.И., Ситкин С.И., Бакулин И.Г., Бакулина Н.В., Шемеровский К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lazebnik L.B., Turkina S.V., Golovanova E.V., Ardatskaya M.D., Ostroumova O.D., Komissarenko I.A., Korochanskaya N.V., Kozlova I.V., Uspensky Y.P., Fominykh Y.A., Levchenko S.V., Loranskaya I.D., Tkachenko E.I., Sitkin S.I., Bakulin I.G., Bakulina N.V., Shemerovsky K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1282">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1282</self-uri><abstract><p>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>.</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drossman D. 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