nogrЭкспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерологияExperimental and Clinical Gastroenterology1682-8658«Global Media Technologies»10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-170-10-66-71nogr-1177Research ArticleДИСКУССИЯDISCUSSIONВиром кишечника и язвенный колит: новые грани взаимодействияVirom of intestinal canal and ulcerative colitis: new facets of interactionБикбавоваГ. Р.BikbavovaG. R.galiya1976@mail.ruЛивзанМ. А.LivzanM. A.ЗаставнаяА. А.ZastavnayaA. A.ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияOmsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2019201020191106671Copyright © Бикбавова Г.Р., Ливзан М.А., Заставная А.А., 20192019Бикбавова Г.Р., Ливзан М.А., Заставная А.А.Bikbavova G.R., Livzan M.A., Zastavnaya A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1177

Совокупность различных факторов образа жизни в эпоху постиндустриального общества оказывают существенное влияние на микробный пейзаж кишечника и приводит к изменению разнообразия его микробиоты при язвенном колите. Новые технологии секвенирования нуклеиновых кислот, инновационной статистики и биоинформатики постепенно меняют представления о этиологии и патогенезе ряда заболеваний, к которым относится и язвенный колит. Современные исследования демонстрируют, что помимо бактерий микробиота толстой кишки представлена эукариотическими и прокариотическими вирусами, которые вместе образуют виром кишечника и являются важной частью его микробной экосистемы. В условиях физиологического стресса количество бактериофагов и вирусов увеличивается, что приводит к нарушению всего динамического равновесия микробиоты желудочно-кишечного тракта. Открытие специфических микроорганизмов, ассоциированных с язвенным колитом прольет свет на его этиологию и позволит создать новые таргетные методы его лечения. Целью данного обзора является обобщение имеющейся информации об участии вирома в возникновении язвенного колита. Поиск литературы, содержащей информацию о соответствующих исследованиях проводился в системах PubMed и GoogleScholar по ключевым словам: язвенный колит, виром кишечника, микробиота толстой кишки. На сегодняшний день в литературе имеются малочисленные, но ценные сведения по данному вопросу, что требует дальнейшего накопления научных данных с последующей систематизацией полученной информации.

Various lifestyle facts influence on microbial landscape of gut and change variety of microbiota with ulcerative colitis. New technologies of nucleotide sequencing, innovating statistics and bioinformatics grade into presentation about etiology and pathogenesis of some illness, for example ulcerative colitis. Current studies demonstrate that microbiome of gut acquaint with eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses, which make virome of gut and be much part of microbial eco-system of intestinal tract. Number of bacteriophages and viruses escalete in the context of environmental stress so microbiome of the digestive tract disturbed. When we open specific microbiota, which associated with etiology of ulcerative colitis, we will create new treatment modality. Drive of this review is generalization of information about involvement with virome in ulcerative colitis becoming. For searching the literature were use systems PubMed and GoogleScholar with keywords: ulcerative colitis, gut virome, gut microbiome. Nowadays in the literature have limited but necessary information about this question. It requires accumulation scientifi c facts for integrated data.

язвенный колитмикробиота кишечникавиром кишечникаulcerative colitisgut viromegut microbiomeReferencesNg S.C., Shi H. Y., Hamidi N., et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet –2018. – P. 390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140–6736(17)32448–0Ng S.C., Shi H. Y., Hamidi N., et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet –2018. – P. 390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140–6736(17)32448–0Th e global, regional, and national burden of infl ammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 GBD2017 Infl ammatory Bowel Disease Collaborators Show footnotes Open Access Published. – 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468–1253(19)30333–4Th e global, regional, and national burden of infl ammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 GBD2017 Infl ammatory Bowel Disease Collaborators Show footnotes Open Access Published. – 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468–1253(19)30333–4Kaplan G.G., Ng S. C. Understanding and preventing the global increase of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. –2017. – P. 152:313–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.020Kaplan G.G., Ng S. C. Understanding and preventing the global increase of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. –2017. – P. 152:313–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.020Ng SC. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: focus on Asia. Best Pract Res ClinGastroenterol. – 2014. – P. 28:363–372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2014.04.003Ng SC. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: focus on Asia. Best Pract Res ClinGastroenterol. – 2014. – P. 28:363–372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2014.04.003Kaistha A., levine J. inf lammatory bowel disease: the classic gastrointestinal autoimmune disease. CurrProblPediatrAdolesc Health Care – 2014. – P. 44:328– 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2014.10.003Kaistha A., levine J. inf lammatory bowel disease: the classic gastrointestinal autoimmune disease. CurrProblPediatrAdolesc Health Care – 2014. – P. 44:328– 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2014.10.003Cani P.D., Everard A. Talking microbes: when gut bacteria interact with diet and host organs. MolNutr Food Res – 2016. – P. 60:58–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500406Cani P.D., Everard A. Talking microbes: when gut bacteria interact with diet and host organs. MolNutr Food Res – 2016. – P. 60:58–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500406Costello E.K., Stagaman K., Dethlefsen L., Bohannan B. J., Relman D. A. Th e application of ecological theory toward an understanding of the human microbiome. Science. – 2012. – P. 336:1255–1262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224203Costello E.K., Stagaman K., Dethlefsen L., Bohannan B. J., Relman D. A. Th e application of ecological theory toward an understanding of the human microbiome. Science. – 2012. – P. 336:1255–1262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224203Arora T., Bäckhed F. The gut microbiota and metabolic disease: current understanding and future perspectives J. Intern. Med. – 2016. – Vol. 280. № 4. P. 339–349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12508Arora T., Bäckhed F. The gut microbiota and metabolic disease: current understanding and future perspectives J. Intern. Med. – 2016. – Vol. 280. № 4. P. 339–349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12508Qin J., Li R., Raes J., Arumugam M., Burgdorf K. S., Manichanh C. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. – 2010. – P. 464:59–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08821Qin J., Li R., Raes J., Arumugam M., Burgdorf K. S., Manichanh C. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. – 2010. – P. 464:59–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08821Minot S., Grunberg S., Wu G. D., Gd W., et al. Hy per vari able loci in the human gut virome. ProcNatlAcadSci U S A – 2012. – P. 109:3962–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119061109Minot S., Grunberg S., Wu G. D., Gd W., et al. Hy per vari able loci in the human gut virome. ProcNatlAcadSci U S A – 2012. – P. 109:3962–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119061109Tito R.Y., Chaffron S., Caenepeel C., et al. Population-level analysis of Blastocystis subtype prevalence and variation in the human gut microbiota. Gut. gutjnl – 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018–316106Tito R.Y., Chaffron S., Caenepeel C., et al. Population-level analysis of Blastocystis subtype prevalence and variation in the human gut microbiota. Gut. gutjnl – 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018–316106Palma M.L., Zamith-Miranda D., Martins F. S., et al. Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as biotherapeutic tools: Is there room for improvement? ApplMicrobiolBiotechnol. – 2015. – P. 99: 6563–6570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253–015–6776-xPalma M.L., Zamith-Miranda D., Martins F. S., et al. Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as biotherapeutic tools: Is there room for improvement? ApplMicrobiolBiotechnol. – 2015. – P. 99: 6563–6570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253–015–6776-xSokol H., Leducq V., Aschard H., et al. Fungal microbiotadysbiosis in IBD. Gut. – 2017. – P. 66: 1039–1048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015–310746Sokol H., Leducq V., Aschard H., et al. Fungal microbiotadysbiosis in IBD. Gut. – 2017. – P. 66: 1039–1048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015–310746Gaci N., Borrel G., Tottey W., et al. Archaea and the human gut: New beginning of an old story. World J Gastroenterol. – 2014. – P. 20: 16062–16062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16062Gaci N., Borrel G., Tottey W., et al. Archaea and the human gut: New beginning of an old story. World J Gastroenterol. – 2014. – P. 20: 16062–16062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16062Borrel G., McCann A., Deane J., et al. Genomics and metagenomics of trimethylamine-utilizing Archaea in the human gut microbiome. ISME. – 2017. – P. 11: 2059–2074. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.72Borrel G., McCann A., Deane J., et al. Genomics and metagenomics of trimethylamine-utilizing Archaea in the human gut microbiome. ISME. – 2017. – P. 11: 2059–2074. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.72Vianna M.E., Conrads G., Gomes B. P.F.A., et al. Identificati on and quantification of archaea involved in primary endodontic infections. J ClinMicrobiol. – 2006. – P. 44: 1274–1282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.44.4.1274–1282.2006Vianna M.E., Conrads G., Gomes B. P.F.A., et al. Identificati on and quantification of archaea involved in primary endodontic infections. J ClinMicrobiol. – 2006. – P. 44: 1274–1282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.44.4.1274–1282.2006Manrique P., Bolduc B., Walk S. T., van der Oost J., de Vos W. M., Young M. J. (2016). Healthy human gut phageome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. – 2016. – P. 113: 10400– 10405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601060113Manrique P., Bolduc B., Walk S. T., van der Oost J., de Vos W. M., Young M. J. (2016). Healthy human gut phageome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. – 2016. – P. 113: 10400– 10405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601060113Popgeorgiev N., Temmam S., Raoult D. et al. Describing the Silent Human Virome with an Emphasis on Giant Viruses. Intervirology. – 2013. – P. 56: 395–412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000354561Popgeorgiev N., Temmam S., Raoult D. et al. Describing the Silent Human Virome with an Emphasis on Giant Viruses. Intervirology. – 2013. – P. 56: 395–412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000354561Virgin H. W. The virome in mammalian physiology and disease. Cell – 2014. – P. 157:142–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.032Virgin H. W. The virome in mammalian physiology and disease. Cell – 2014. – P. 157:142–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.032Reyes A., Haynes M., Hanson N., et al. Viruses in the faecalmicrobiota of monozygotic twins and their mothers. Nature – 2010. – P. 466:334–8.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09199Reyes A., Haynes M., Hanson N., et al. Viruses in the faecalmicrobiota of monozygotic twins and their mothers. Nature – 2010. – P. 466:334–8.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09199Parker M. T. An ecological framework of the human virome provides classifi cation of current knowledge and identifies areas of forthcoming discovery. Yale J. Biol. Med. Collection – 2016. – P. 89: 339–351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2016.7603347Parker M. T. An ecological framework of the human virome provides classifi cation of current knowledge and identifies areas of forthcoming discovery. Yale J. Biol. Med. Collection – 2016. – P. 89: 339–351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2016.7603347Carding S.R., Davis N., Hoyles L. (2017). Review article: the human intestinal virome in health and disease. Aliment PharmacolTher. – 2017. – P. 46(9): 800–815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14280Carding S.R., Davis N., Hoyles L. (2017). Review article: the human intestinal virome in health and disease. Aliment PharmacolTher. – 2017. – P. 46(9): 800–815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14280Minot S., Wu G. D., Lewis J. D., and Bushman F. D. (2012a). Conservation of gene cassettes among diverse viruses of the human gut. PLoS ONE. – 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042342Minot S., Wu G. D., Lewis J. D., and Bushman F. D. (2012a). Conservation of gene cassettes among diverse viruses of the human gut. PLoS ONE. – 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042342Cadwell K. The virome in host health and disease. Immunity. – 2015. – P. 42:805–13. DOI: https://doi.Cadwell K. The virome in host health and disease. Immunity. – 2015. – P. 42:805–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.003org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.003Hoyles L., McCartney A.L., Neve H., Gibson G. R., Sanderson J. D., Heller K. J., van Sinderen D. Cha racterization of virus-like particles associated with the human faecal and caecal microbiota. Res. Microbiol. – 2014. – P. 165: 803–812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.006Hoyles L., McCartney A.L., Neve H., Gibson G. R., Sanderson J. D., Heller K. J., van Sinderen D. Cha racterization of virus-like particles associated with the human faecal and caecal microbiota. Res. Microbiol. – 2014. – P. 165: 803–812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.006Parker M. T. An ecological framework of the human virome provides classification of current knowledge and identifies areas of forthcoming discovery. Yale J. Biol. Med. Collection – 2016. – P. 89: 339–351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2016.7603347Parker M. T. An ecological framework of the human virome provides classification of current knowledge and identifies areas of forthcoming discovery. Yale J. Biol. Med. Collection – 2016. – P. 89: 339–351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2016.7603347Reyes A., Semenkovich N. P., Whiteson K., Rohwer F. and Gordon, J. I. (2012). Going viral, next-generation sequencing applied to phage populations in the human gut. Nat. Rev. Microbio. – 2012. – P. 10, 607–617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2853Reyes A., Semenkovich N. P., Whiteson K., Rohwer F. and Gordon, J. I. (2012). Going viral, next-generation sequencing applied to phage populations in the human gut. Nat. Rev. Microbio. – 2012. – P. 10, 607–617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2853Castro-Mejia J.L., Muhammed M. K., Kot W., Neve H., Franz C. M., Hansen L. H., Vogensen F. K., Nielsen D. S. Optimizing protocols for extraction of bacteriophages prior to metagenomic analyses 54. of phage communities in the human gut. Microbiome. – 2015. – P. 3: 64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168–015–0131–4Castro-Mejia J.L., Muhammed M. K., Kot W., Neve H., Franz C. M., Hansen L. H., Vogensen F. K., Nielsen D. S. Optimizing protocols for extraction of bacteriophages prior to metagenomic analyses 54. of phage communities in the human gut. Microbiome. – 2015. – P. 3: 64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168–015–0131–4Zuo T., Lu X., Zhang Y., et al Gut mucosal virome alterations in ulcerative colitis Gut – 2019. – P. 68:1169–1179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018–318131Zuo T., Lu X., Zhang Y., et al Gut mucosal virome alterations in ulcerative colitis Gut – 2019. – P. 68:1169–1179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018–318131Norman, J. M. et al. Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease. – 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3410/f.725326230.793504965Norman, J. M. et al. Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease. – 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3410/f.725326230.793504965Uhr J.W., Dancis J., Franklin E. C., Finkelstein M. S., Lewis E. W. The antibody response to bacteriophage phi-X 174 in newborn premature infants. The Journal of clinical investigation. – 1962. – P. 41:1509–1513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci104606Uhr J.W., Dancis J., Franklin E. C., Finkelstein M. S., Lewis E. W. The antibody response to bacteriophage phi-X 174 in newborn premature infants. The Journal of clinical investigation. – 1962. – P. 41:1509–1513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci104606Eriksson F., Tsagozis P., Lundberg K., Parsa R., Mangsbo S. M., Persson M. A.A., Harris R. A., Pisa P. Tumor-specific bacteriophages induce tumor destruction through activation of tumor-associated macrophages. The Journal of Immunology. – 2009. – P. 182:3105–3111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0800224Eriksson F., Tsagozis P., Lundberg K., Parsa R., Mangsbo S. M., Persson M. A.A., Harris R. A., Pisa P. Tumor-specific bacteriophages induce tumor destruction through activation of tumor-associated macrophages. The Journal of Immunology. – 2009. – P. 182:3105–3111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0800224Basic M., Keubler L. M., Buettner M., Achard M., Breves G., Schroder B., Smoczek A., Jorns A., Wedekind D., Zschemisch N. H., et al. Norovirus Triggered Microbiota-driven Mucosal Inflammation in Interleukin 10-deficient Mice. Inflammatory bowel diseases. – 2014. – P. 20:431–443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mib.0000441346.86827.edBasic M., Keubler L. M., Buettner M., Achard M., Breves G., Schroder B., Smoczek A., Jorns A., Wedekind D., Zschemisch N. H., et al. Norovirus Triggered Microbiota-driven Mucosal Inflammation in Interleukin 10-deficient Mice. Inflammatory bowel diseases. – 2014. – P. 20:431–443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mib.0000441346.86827.edDe Souza H. S., Fiocchi C. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: Current state of the art. Nat. Rev. GastroenterolHepatol. – 2016. – P. 13, 13–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.186De Souza H. S., Fiocchi C. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: Current state of the art. Nat. Rev. GastroenterolHepatol. – 2016. – P. 13, 13–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.186Rizzatti G., Lopetuso L. R., Gibiino G., Binda C., Gasbarrini A. Proteobacteria: A Common Factor in Human Diseases. BioMed Res. Int. – 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9351507Rizzatti G., Lopetuso L. R., Gibiino G., Binda C., Gasbarrini A. Proteobacteria: A Common Factor in Human Diseases. BioMed Res. Int. – 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9351507

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.