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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nogr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-8658</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Global Media Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-170-10-4-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nogr-1168</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Способы оценки эффективности неинвазивных методов диагностики фиброза печени в подходе без «золотого» стандарта: прощание с биопсией печени?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Performance Assessment Techniques of Liver Fibrosis Non-invasive Diagnostic Methods in an Approach without a “Gold” Standard: Saying Goodbye to Liver Biopsy?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галушко</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galushko</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ищенко</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishchenko</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">iecurmed@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поздняков</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdniakov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр «МедЭлит»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical center “MedElit”, LLC “MedElitConsulting”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный университет» в г. Славянске-на-Кубани</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Branch of the Kuban State University in Slavyansk-on-Kuban</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal public budget educational institution of higher education “North-West State Medical University n. a. I. I. Mechnikov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галушко М.Ю., Ищенко А.Ю., Поздняков С.А., Бакулин И.Г., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галушко М.Ю., Ищенко А.Ю., Поздняков С.А., Бакулин И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galushko M.Y., Ishchenko A.Y., Pozdniakov S.A., Bakulin I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1168">https://www.nogr.org/jour/article/view/1168</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. При хроническом гепатите С выраженность фиброза печени является важнейшим фактором, определяющим терапевтическую тактику, прогноз эффективности лечения и риск осложнений. Оценка эффективности современных неинвазивных методов диагностики фиброза затруднена ввиду ограничений биопсии печени, используемой в качестве «золотого стандарта».</p></sec><sec><title>Цели</title><p>Цели: 1. Оценить применимость экспертной оценки (ЭО), основанной на разработанном авторами алгоритме, для определения эффективности транзиентной эластометрии М-датчиком (ТЭ-М) и XL-датчиком (ТЭ-XL), Фибротеста® (ФТ), соноэластографии сдвиговой волной (СЭСВ) и биопсии печени (БП) при диагностике фиброза печени у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С (ХГС) в подходе без «золотого» стандарта; 2. Оценить качество предлагаемой модели (эффективность ЭО) в сравнении с результатами модели Раша (МР), являющейся продолжением анализа латентных переменных.</p><p>Материал и методы исследования. Пациентам с ХГС была проведена диагностика фиброза печени с помощью пяти вышеуказанных методов. Был разработан алгоритм проведения ЭО, на основе которого у каждого пациента когорты определялась стадия фиброза, рассматриваемая в качестве виртуального референсного стандарта. Оценка диагностической эффективности методов проводилась с определением чувствительности и специфичности, а также расчёта AUC в сравнении с виртуальным референсным стандартом. Оценка качества модели (эффективности ЭО) осуществлялась с помощью анализа латентных переменных в рамках МР.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование было включено 99 пациентов с достоверными результатами всех пяти диагностических методов. Основные характеристики когорты: 59,6% мужчин, средний возраст — 37 лет (21–63), медиана ИМТ — 25,8 кг/м2. По результатам ЭО при выявлении лёгкого фиброза (F1) значения AUC, чувствительности и специфичности составили соответственно: 0,972; 94,3; 91,3 для ТЭ-М; 0,964; 90,6; 91,3 для ТЭ-XL; 0,806; 81,1; 73,9 для ФТ; 0,907; 88,7; 71,7 для СЭСВ; 0,832; 92,5; 37,0 для БП. При выявлении умеренного фиброза (F2) аналогичные значения составили: 0,981; 93,8; 94,0 для ТЭ-М; 0,967; 90,6; 97,0 для ТЭ-XL; 0,873; 75,0; 80,6 для ФТ; 0,957; 84,4; 91,0 для СЭСВ; 0,937; 90,6; 94,0 для БП. При выявлении выраженного фиброза (F3) аналогичные значения составили: 0,994; 95,5; 96,1 для ТЭ-М; 0,987; 90,9; 97,4 для ТЭ-XL; 0,870; 63,6; 84,4 для ФТ; 0,961; 86,4; 97,4 для СЭСВ; 0,990; 90,9; 98,7 для БП. При выявлении цирроза (F4) аналогичные значения составили: 0,995; 92,3; 97,7 для ТЭ-М; 0,994; 100,0; 98,8 для ТЭ-XL; 0,874; 38,5; 93,0 для ФТ; 0,996; 92,3; 100,0 для СЭСВ; 0,964; 69,2; 100,0 для БП. ЭО продемонстрировала высокую степень согласованности (коэффициент корреляции = 0,923; р&lt;0,05) в сравнении с МР.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ЭО зарекомендовала себя как высоко информативный подход, применимый для определения эффективности методов диагностики фиброза печени без использования БП в качестве «золотого» стандарта. Неинвазивные методы продемонстрировали более высокие диагностические характеристики при смене стандарта с традиционного (БП) на виртуальный (ЭО). Высокая степень согласованности результатов ЭО и МР подтверждают высокое качество разработанного авторами алгоритма.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims: 1. To evaluate the applicability of The Expert Assessment (EA) based on the algorithm developed by the authors in performance assessment of transient elastography by M-probe (TE-M) and XL-probe (TE-XL), Fibrotest® (FT), shear wave elastography (SWE) and liver biopsy (LB) in fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in an approach without a «gold» standard; 2. To evaluate the quality of the proposed model (EA efficacy) in comparison with the results of the Rasch Model (MR) being an extension of the Latent Variable Analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Using the five studied diagnostic methods liver fibrosis staging was performed in chronic hepatitis C patients. Based on the algorithm developed EA was applied to each patient of the cohort and as a result fibrosis stage was established. That fibrosis stage considered a virtual reference. Sensitivity and specificity estimation as well as AUC calculation for studied methods was performed against the reference standard. The quality of the model (EA efficacy) estimated in the Rasch Model (MR) being an extension of the Latent Variable Analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 99 patients with reliable results of each of the five diagnostic methods were included into the study. The main characteristics of the cohort were: 59.6% individuals of male gender, average age of 37 years (21–63), median BMI of 25.8 kg / m2. As per the results of the EA in detecting of mild fibrosis (F1), the values of AUC, sensitivity and specificity were, respectively: 0,972; 94,3; 91,3 for TE-M; 0,964; 90,6; 91,3 for TE-XL; 0,806; 81,1; 73,9 for FT; 0,907; 88,7; 71,7 for SWE; 0,832; 92,5; 37,0 for LB. In detecting of moderate fibrosis (F2), the appropriate values were: 0,981; 93,8; 94,0 for TE-M; 0,967; 90,6; 97,0 for TE-XL; 0,873; 75,0; 80,6 for FT; 0,957; 84,4; 91,0 for SWE; 0,937; 90,6; 94,0 for LB. In detecting of significant fibrosis (F3), the corresponding values were: 0,994; 95,5; 96,1 for TE-M; 0,987; 90,9; 97,4 for TE-XL; 0,870; 63,6; 84,4 for FT; 0,961; 86,4; 97,4 for SWE; 0,990; 90,9; 98,7 for LB. In detecting cirrhosis (F4), the appropriate values were: 0,995; 92,3; 97,7 for TE-M; 0,994; 100,0; 98,8 for TE-XL; 0,874; 38,5; 93,0 for FT; 0,996; 92,3; 100,0 for SWE; 0,964; 69,2; 100,0 for LB. The EA was shown to have high degree of consistency (correlation coefficient = 0,923; p &lt;0,05) when compared to the MR.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The EA was shown as a highly informative approach, applicable for performance assessment of the diagnostic methods for liver fibrosis staging without using LB as the “gold” standard. Non-invasive methods have demonstrated higher diagnostic characteristics with changing the standard from the traditional (LB) to virtual (EA). The high degree of consistency of the results of EA and MR confirm the high quality of the algorithm developed by the authors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транзиентная эластометрия</kwd><kwd>фибротест</kwd><kwd>соноэластография сдвиговой волной</kwd><kwd>биопсия печени</kwd><kwd>фиброз печени</kwd><kwd>хронический гепатит С</kwd><kwd>анализ латентных переменных</kwd><kwd>модель Раша</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transient elastography</kwd><kwd>fibrotest</kwd><kwd>shear-wave elastography</kwd><kwd>liver biopsy</kwd><kwd>liver fibrosis</kwd><kwd>chronic hepatitis C</kwd><kwd>latent variable analysis</kwd><kwd>Rasch model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдурахманов Д.Т., Морозов В. Г., Никитин И. Г. и др. 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